Infection Control and Asepsis

False (B)

It washes away microorganisms on the lining of the bladder and urethra.

<p>pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin (Intact multilayered surface) = Cuts, abrasions, puncture wounds Mouth (Intact multilayered mucosa) = Lacerations, trauma, extracted teeth Urinary Tract (Flushing action of urine flow) = Urinary catheter placement, obstruction from growth or tumor Vagina (Normal flora causing low pH) = Antibiotics, excessive douching</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medical asepsis aims to reduce the number of microorganisms, while surgical asepsis eliminates all microorganisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interrupting transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fomite = An inanimate object that carries infectious agents. Vector = A living organism that transmits disease. Reservoir = A place where microorganisms survive and multiply. Virulent = The degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changing a wound dressing without proper hand hygiene and sterile technique. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Tubercle bacillus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mosquito</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Varicella zoster virus = Shingles β-Hemolytic group A streptococci = Strep throat Candida albicans = Thrush Rickettsia rickettsii = Rocky Mountain spotted fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nurse accidentally punctures their skin with a needle used on an HIV-positive patient, resulting in a very shallow wound with no visible blood. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Performing a dressing change on a surgical incision. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medical asepsis aims to reduce the number and spread of microorganisms and is used in routine patient care. Surgical asepsis aims to eliminate <em>all</em> microorganisms and is used in sterile procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infectious Agent = Identifying the specific pathogen and its characteristics Reservoir = Implementing measures to control the environment where pathogens thrive Portal of Exit = Containing bodily fluids and secretions to prevent pathogen escape Mode of Transmission = Using aseptic techniques and barriers to prevent pathogen spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensuring proper hand hygiene practices are consistently followed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated glucose levels in diabetes can impair the function of immune cells (e.g., neutrophils) and reduce blood supply to tissues, making patients more susceptible to infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses can pass through laboratory filters that trap bacteria. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses are not complete cells but consist of RNA or DNA with a protein coat. They lack essential metabolic processes and rely on a host cell to reproduce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discovery of 'filterable viruses' before 1900 = Showed that disease-causing agents smaller than bacteria exist. Development of the electron microscope in 1941 = Allowed for the detailed study of viral structure and function. COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020 = Resulted in significant changes in healthcare practices to prevent viral spread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incubation Period (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>health care-associated</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incubation Period = Time between pathogen entry and symptom onset Prodromal Stage = Nonspecific signs and microorganisms multiply Acute Stage = Specific infection signs and symptoms Convalescence = Disappearance of acute symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotional distress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>rubor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their high resistance to heat and disinfectants. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spirilla (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess which antibiotics inhibit the bacteria's growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsules contribute to multiple-drug resistance, making antibiotic therapy less effective. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>aerobic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerobic = Requires oxygen to survive. Anaerobic = Does not require oxygen to survive. Flagella = Hair-like projections used for motility. Spores = Resistant structures formed under unfavorable conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Techniques that reduce the number and spread of pathogens.

Techniques that eliminate all pathogens from an area.

A series of events that lead to the spread of infections.

Infection control practices applied to all patients.

Microorganisms that cause disease.

Intact multilayered surface acting as the body's first line of defense against infection.

Sebum contains fatty acids that can kill some bacteria, aiding in infection prevention.

Saliva provides a barrier to microbes, washes away particles, and contains microbial inhibitors like lysozyme.

Cilia in the respiratory tract trap and sweep out inhaled microbes, preventing them from reaching the lungs.

Factors that increase the likelihood of infection in patients.

Infection risk is higher for patients in healthcare due to weakened immunity.

Absence of pathogenic microorganisms to prevent infection.

A pathogen responsible for causing infection.

The pathway through which pathogens leave their host.

How an infectious agent is spread from one host to another.

A bacterium commonly found on skin and hair that can cause wound infections, pneumonia, and food poisoning.

Bacteria found in the throat and skin, linked to strep throat, rheumatic fever, and scarlet fever.

Bacteria primarily found in the colon, known for causing enteritis.

Bacterium that infects the genitourinary tract, causing gonorrhea and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Virus responsible for chickenpox and shingles, spread through respiratory droplets and vesicle fluid.

A disease caused by Plasmodium falciparum, transmitted through mosquito bites, leading to fever and chills.

Time between pathogen entry and symptom appearance.

Nonspecific symptoms appear; disease becomes more contagious.

Specific symptoms of infection manifest; often very contagious.

Period of recovery after acute symptoms disappear.

Infection confined to a specific area of the body.

Infection that affects the whole body and can be more serious.

Body's reaction to injury or infection, including swelling and redness.

Includes redness, swelling, heat, and pain.

Infections acquired during healthcare treatments.

Agents like trauma, chemicals, or microorganisms that cause inflammation.

Bacteria come in three basic shapes: round, oblong, and spiral.

Aerobic bacteria need oxygen, while anaerobic bacteria do not.

Flagella are hair-like projections that provide motility to bacteria.

Some bacteria form spores when conditions are unfavorable, exhibiting high resistance.

Capsules protect bacteria in hostile conditions and are linked to drug resistance.

Bacteria are classified based on staining techniques determining their cell wall structure.

A test to determine which antibiotics inhibit bacterial growth.

The ability of some bacteria to move using flagella in a wavelike motion.

Bacteria can form pairs or chains during division.

Trained personnel use staining to examine and identify bacterial characteristics.

Smallest disease-causing agents composed of RNA or DNA and protein coat.

How viruses enter the body: respiratory, gastrointestinal, or through skin.

Process by which viruses reproduce using the host cell's materials.

Antibiotics are ineffective against viruses; they target bacteria.

Involves mask wearing, distancing, and handwashing to prevent spread.