40 Questions
What type of transmission occurs when an infectious agent is transmitted from one person to another through physical contact?
Direct transmission
What type of transmission occurs when an infectious agent is transmitted through a vector, such as an arthropod or an animal?
Indirect transmission
What is the term for the presence of an infectious agent on a body surface or on inanimate objects such as clothes, beddings, surgical instruments, or surgical dressings?
Contamination
What is the term for a disease that results from the presence of an infectious agent in the body of a person or animal?
Infectious disease
What is the term for a disease that can be transmitted from one person to another through direct or indirect contact?
Communicable disease
What term is used to describe the constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a geographic area or population group, without importation from outside?
Endemic
Which type of infection is acquired by a patient while in hospital?
Nosocomial infection
What is the term for an infection or infectious disease transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans?
Zoonosis
What is the term for a disease that is introduced into a country where it does not normally occur?
Exotic
What is the term for an epidemic that affects a large proportion of the population?
Pandemic
What is the primary focus of epidemiology in studying health-related states and events?
Analyzing disease trends in populations
Which of the following is a use of epidemiology in community health?
Developing community diagnosis and planning
What is the purpose of calculating morbidity and mortality rates?
To understand the distribution and determinants of health-related states
What is the primary goal of epidemiology in searching for causes and risk factors?
To prevent diseases from occurring
Which of the following is an indicator of health?
Morbidity rates
What is the primary purpose of disease surveillance?
To monitor the spread of a disease in a population
What is an example of indirect transmission?
Using a contaminated surgical instrument
Which mode of transmission involves the direct transfer of an infectious agent from one person to another?
Direct contact transmission
What is the primary goal of infection control practices?
To prevent the spread of infectious diseases
What is the term for the presence of an infectious agent on a body surface or inanimate objects?
Contamination
What is the primary purpose of disease surveillance in preventing the occurrence of diseases?
To interrupt the transmission of infection
Which of the following modes of transmission involves contact with contaminated soil?
Direct transmission
What is the term for the termination of all transmission of infection by extermination of the infectious agent?
Eradication
Which of the following is an example of a fomite?
Soiled clothes
What is the term for the transmission of disease from mother to fetus during pregnancy?
Vertical transmission
What is the purpose of measuring mortality rates in public health?
To compare health status among countries
What is the formula to calculate mortality rate?
No. of deaths during the year x 1000 mid year population
What is the term for the rate of incidence of a disease?
Incidence rate
What is the purpose of morbidity rates in public health?
To assess ill health in the community
What is the difference between incidence and prevalence?
Incidence is the number of new cases, while prevalence is the total number of cases
What is the life expectancy at birth for males in Malaysia?
70 years
What is the principal cause of death in Malaysia for both males and females?
Ischaemic Heart Disease
What is the incidence rate of a disease calculated as?
Number of new cases of specific disease during a given time period per 1000 population at risk
What is the ranking of burden of disease in Malaysia?
IHD, Mental Illness, Cerebral Vascular Attack/Stroke, RTA, Cancer, Asthma, COPD, DM
What is the definition of life expectancy?
Average number of years lived by those born alive into a population if the current age-specific mortality rates persist
What is the life expectancy at birth for females in Malaysia?
75 years
What is the ranking of the top burden of diseases in Malaysia?
IHD, Cerebral Vascular Attack/Stroke, Mental Illness, RTA, Cancer, Asthma, COPD, DM
What is the term for the number of new cases of specific disease during a given time period?
Incidence rate
What is the definition of incidence rate?
Number of new cases of specific disease during a given time period per 1000 population at risk
What is the principal cause of death in Malaysia for females?
Ischaemic Heart Disease
Learn about the key differences between infection, contamination, and infestation. Understand how infectious agents affect the body and how they can be spread through various means.
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