Infection, Contamination, and Infestation

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What type of transmission occurs when an infectious agent is transmitted from one person to another through physical contact?

Indirect transmission

Direct transmission (correct)

Vertical transmission

Contagious transmission

What type of transmission occurs when an infectious agent is transmitted through a vector, such as an arthropod or an animal?

Indirect transmission (correct)

Horizontal transmission

Vertical transmission

Direct transmission

What is the term for the presence of an infectious agent on a body surface or on inanimate objects such as clothes, beddings, surgical instruments, or surgical dressings?

Contamination (correct)

Infestation

Infectious disease

Infection

What is the term for a disease that results from the presence of an infectious agent in the body of a person or animal?

Infectious disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a disease that can be transmitted from one person to another through direct or indirect contact?

Communicable disease Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a geographic area or population group, without importation from outside?

Endemic Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection is acquired by a patient while in hospital?

Nosocomial infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an infection or infectious disease transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans?

Zoonosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a disease that is introduced into a country where it does not normally occur?

Exotic Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an epidemic that affects a large proportion of the population?

Pandemic Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of epidemiology in studying health-related states and events?

Analyzing disease trends in populations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a use of epidemiology in community health?

Developing community diagnosis and planning Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of calculating morbidity and mortality rates?

To understand the distribution and determinants of health-related states Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of epidemiology in searching for causes and risk factors?

To prevent diseases from occurring Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indicator of health?

Morbidity rates Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of disease surveillance?

To monitor the spread of a disease in a population Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of indirect transmission?

Using a contaminated surgical instrument Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of transmission involves the direct transfer of an infectious agent from one person to another?

Direct contact transmission Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of infection control practices?

To prevent the spread of infectious diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the presence of an infectious agent on a body surface or inanimate objects?

Contamination Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of disease surveillance in preventing the occurrence of diseases?

To interrupt the transmission of infection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following modes of transmission involves contact with contaminated soil?

Direct transmission Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the termination of all transmission of infection by extermination of the infectious agent?

Eradication Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a fomite?

Soiled clothes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the transmission of disease from mother to fetus during pregnancy?

Vertical transmission Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring mortality rates in public health?

To compare health status among countries Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate mortality rate?

No. of deaths during the year x 1000 mid year population Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the rate of incidence of a disease?

Incidence rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of morbidity rates in public health?

To assess ill health in the community Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between incidence and prevalence?

Incidence is the number of new cases, while prevalence is the total number of cases Signup and view all the answers

What is the life expectancy at birth for males in Malaysia?

70 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal cause of death in Malaysia for both males and females?

Ischaemic Heart Disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the incidence rate of a disease calculated as?

Number of new cases of specific disease during a given time period per 1000 population at risk Signup and view all the answers

What is the ranking of burden of disease in Malaysia?

IHD, Mental Illness, Cerebral Vascular Attack/Stroke, RTA, Cancer, Asthma, COPD, DM Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of life expectancy?

Average number of years lived by those born alive into a population if the current age-specific mortality rates persist Signup and view all the answers

What is the life expectancy at birth for females in Malaysia?

75 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the ranking of the top burden of diseases in Malaysia?

IHD, Cerebral Vascular Attack/Stroke, Mental Illness, RTA, Cancer, Asthma, COPD, DM Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the number of new cases of specific disease during a given time period?