Infant and Brain Development

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary response in the Babinski reflex when the sole of a baby's foot is stroked?

The toes curl inward

The foot lifts away from the stimulus

The big toe bends backward and other toes fan out (correct)

The toes remain stationary

What should occur in a baby's foot during the Babinski reflex when it is stimulated?

The big toe bends backward and the other toes spread out (correct)

The toes bend downward

The foot moves sideways

The baby kicks forward

In what age group is the Babinski reflex typically observed?

Children over 5 years

Adults

Newborns and infants (correct)

Toddlers aged 1-3 years

What is a potential significance of the Babinski reflex in assessing neurological function?

It helps assess the function of the nervous system Signup and view all the answers

How does the Babinski reflex differ in adults compared to infants?

Adults typically exhibit a downward curling of the toes Signup and view all the answers

What ability do sleeping infants demonstrate according to Graham et al. (2013)?

Processing of speech Signup and view all the answers

What effect shows evidence in infants before their first birthday according to Kelly et al. (2007)?

Other-race effect Signup and view all the answers

What did Cole et al. (2012) find regarding younger infants' gait?

It was best when not wearing diapers Signup and view all the answers

What role does the environment play in motor development according to Cole et al. (2012)?

It supports the development Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is suggested by the findings of Cole et al. (2012) regarding cloth diapers?

They increase the likelihood of falling Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the palmar grasp reflex in infants?

To support attachment to caregivers Signup and view all the answers

In modern settings, how critical is the palmar grasp reflex for an infant's survival?

It is not essential for survival Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the palmar grasp reflex in infants?

Touching the infant’s palm with an object Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the palmar grasp reflex is true?

It is a reflexive action that occurs automatically Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the evolutionary relevance of the palmar grasp reflex?

It was significant for clinging to caregivers for safety Signup and view all the answers

What principle states that earlier brain damage results in less severe behavioral effects?

Kennard principle Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of alcohol exposure on neuron behavior during brain development in utero?

Neurons overshoot their targets Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis explains the reduced sensitivity to varied sounds and sights as infants mature?

Perceptual narrowing hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the formation of synapses during brain development?

Cell elaboration Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between functional changes and structural changes in brain development?

Functional changes can lead to structural changes and vice versa Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the pincer grasp in developmental terms?

Uses the pointer finger and thumb Signup and view all the answers

Which example best illustrates discontinuous development?

A child moving from crawling to walking Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between continuous and discontinuous development?

Continuous development is gradual, whereas discontinuous involves sudden changes Signup and view all the answers

Which grasp develops after the ulnar grasp?

Pincer grasp Signup and view all the answers

What type of change does discontinuous development represent?

Qualitative changes in abilities or behavior Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Infant Development

Infants process speech even while sleeping.
Infants display the “other-race effect” before the age of one.
Younger infants walk best without diapers.
Younger infants are more prone to falls when wearing cloth diapers.
Palmar Grasp Reflex: Infants tightly grasp an object when it touches their palm.
Babinski Reflex: When the sole of an infant's foot is stroked, their big toe bends backward, and the other toes fan out.

Brain Development

Brain development involves four key stages: cell production, cell migration, cell elaboration, and cell death.
Functional and structural changes are interconnected, influencing each other.
Extensive and varied experiences are crucial for maintaining and expanding the complex neural network.
Radiation exposure during prenatal development can cause neurons to stop short of their targets.
Alcohol consumption during prenatal development can lead to neurons overshooting their targets.
The Kennard principle suggests that earlier brain damage results in less severe behavioral effects.

Perceptual Development

Cross-modal perception involves matching across different sensory modalities.
The Perceptual Narrowing Hypothesis states that infants become more attuned to familiar sounds and sights, becoming less sensitive to unfamiliar ones.
This applies to phoneme perception (language) and face perception (other-race effect).

Motor Development

Ulnar grasp is an early grasp using the ring and pinky fingers.
Pincer grasp emerges later, involving the pointer finger and thumb.

Development and Change

Continuity refers to gradual, quantitative change (e.g., vocabulary growth).
Discontinuity signifies qualitative changes, marked by distinct stages (e.g., crawling to walking).

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts in infant development and brain maturation. You will learn about various reflexes, factors affecting brain growth, and the importance of diverse experiences in early life. Test your knowledge about these crucial stages during infancy.