Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary response in the Babinski reflex when the sole of a baby's foot is stroked?
What is the primary response in the Babinski reflex when the sole of a baby's foot is stroked?
- The toes curl inward
- The foot lifts away from the stimulus
- The big toe bends backward and other toes fan out (correct)
- The toes remain stationary
What should occur in a baby's foot during the Babinski reflex when it is stimulated?
What should occur in a baby's foot during the Babinski reflex when it is stimulated?
- The big toe bends backward and the other toes spread out (correct)
- The toes bend downward
- The foot moves sideways
- The baby kicks forward
In what age group is the Babinski reflex typically observed?
In what age group is the Babinski reflex typically observed?
- Children over 5 years
- Adults
- Newborns and infants (correct)
- Toddlers aged 1-3 years
What is a potential significance of the Babinski reflex in assessing neurological function?
What is a potential significance of the Babinski reflex in assessing neurological function?
How does the Babinski reflex differ in adults compared to infants?
How does the Babinski reflex differ in adults compared to infants?
What ability do sleeping infants demonstrate according to Graham et al. (2013)?
What ability do sleeping infants demonstrate according to Graham et al. (2013)?
What effect shows evidence in infants before their first birthday according to Kelly et al. (2007)?
What effect shows evidence in infants before their first birthday according to Kelly et al. (2007)?
What did Cole et al. (2012) find regarding younger infants' gait?
What did Cole et al. (2012) find regarding younger infants' gait?
What role does the environment play in motor development according to Cole et al. (2012)?
What role does the environment play in motor development according to Cole et al. (2012)?
Which of the following is suggested by the findings of Cole et al. (2012) regarding cloth diapers?
Which of the following is suggested by the findings of Cole et al. (2012) regarding cloth diapers?
What is the primary function of the palmar grasp reflex in infants?
What is the primary function of the palmar grasp reflex in infants?
In modern settings, how critical is the palmar grasp reflex for an infant's survival?
In modern settings, how critical is the palmar grasp reflex for an infant's survival?
What triggers the palmar grasp reflex in infants?
What triggers the palmar grasp reflex in infants?
Which of the following statements about the palmar grasp reflex is true?
Which of the following statements about the palmar grasp reflex is true?
Which statement best describes the evolutionary relevance of the palmar grasp reflex?
Which statement best describes the evolutionary relevance of the palmar grasp reflex?
What principle states that earlier brain damage results in less severe behavioral effects?
What principle states that earlier brain damage results in less severe behavioral effects?
What is the outcome of alcohol exposure on neuron behavior during brain development in utero?
What is the outcome of alcohol exposure on neuron behavior during brain development in utero?
Which hypothesis explains the reduced sensitivity to varied sounds and sights as infants mature?
Which hypothesis explains the reduced sensitivity to varied sounds and sights as infants mature?
Which process involves the formation of synapses during brain development?
Which process involves the formation of synapses during brain development?
What is the relationship between functional changes and structural changes in brain development?
What is the relationship between functional changes and structural changes in brain development?
What characterizes the pincer grasp in developmental terms?
What characterizes the pincer grasp in developmental terms?
Which example best illustrates discontinuous development?
Which example best illustrates discontinuous development?
What is the main difference between continuous and discontinuous development?
What is the main difference between continuous and discontinuous development?
Which grasp develops after the ulnar grasp?
Which grasp develops after the ulnar grasp?
What type of change does discontinuous development represent?
What type of change does discontinuous development represent?
Study Notes
Infant Development
- Infants process speech even while sleeping.
- Infants display the “other-race effect” before the age of one.
- Younger infants walk best without diapers.
- Younger infants are more prone to falls when wearing cloth diapers.
- Palmar Grasp Reflex: Infants tightly grasp an object when it touches their palm.
- Babinski Reflex: When the sole of an infant's foot is stroked, their big toe bends backward, and the other toes fan out.
Brain Development
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Brain development involves four key stages: cell production, cell migration, cell elaboration, and cell death.
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Functional and structural changes are interconnected, influencing each other.
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Extensive and varied experiences are crucial for maintaining and expanding the complex neural network.
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Radiation exposure during prenatal development can cause neurons to stop short of their targets.
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Alcohol consumption during prenatal development can lead to neurons overshooting their targets.
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The Kennard principle suggests that earlier brain damage results in less severe behavioral effects.
Perceptual Development
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Cross-modal perception involves matching across different sensory modalities.
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The Perceptual Narrowing Hypothesis states that infants become more attuned to familiar sounds and sights, becoming less sensitive to unfamiliar ones.
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This applies to phoneme perception (language) and face perception (other-race effect).
Motor Development
- Ulnar grasp is an early grasp using the ring and pinky fingers.
- Pincer grasp emerges later, involving the pointer finger and thumb.
Development and Change
- Continuity refers to gradual, quantitative change (e.g., vocabulary growth).
- Discontinuity signifies qualitative changes, marked by distinct stages (e.g., crawling to walking).
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts in infant development and brain maturation. You will learn about various reflexes, factors affecting brain growth, and the importance of diverse experiences in early life. Test your knowledge about these crucial stages during infancy.