Industrial Sensors and Transistors

• A retentive timer accumulates time while a device receives power and retains the accumulated value even after power loss.

Output Devices

• Examples of output devices include lamps, buzzers, solenoid valves, and contactors.

Input Devices

• Examples of input devices include PRs, switches, sensors, and relay contacts.

Photoelectric Sensor

• A photoelectric sensor (photo eye) detects distance or the presence/absence of an object using a light transmitter (often infrared) and a photoelectric receiver.

Transistors

• Bipolar junction transistors come in NPN and PNP types.
• NPN transistors use electrons as the majority current carrier.
• Transistors have no mechanical or moving components.
• Faster switching is achieved with transistors.

Electric Motor

• Electric motors generally consist of a rotor and commutator.
• These parts utilize electromagnetism's attractive and repulsive forces.
• This electromagnetic action causes continuous spinning when a steady electric current flows.

Sensor

• A sensor provides an output corresponding to a specific input or condition.

Air Filter

• An air filter removes contaminants from a compressed air stream.

Check Valve

• A check valve (one-way valve) allows flow in one direction only.
• It automatically prevents backflow when fluid reverses direction.

Parallel Circuit

• A parallel circuit provides multiple paths for electricity to flow between two points.

Series Circuit

• A series circuit provides only one path for electricity to flow between two points.

Latching

• Latching circuits maintain output even after the input signal ceases.
• They are used to set outputs permanently with momentary switch usage.

Inductive Sensor

• An inductive sensor uses an electromagnetic field to sense objects.

Ultrasonic Sensor

• An ultrasonic sensor uses sound waves to detect objects.

LED

• An LED (Light Emitting Diode) is a visual indicator.

Ladder Diagram

• A ladder diagram is considered TRUE when logic continuity exists in the rung.

Inductive Sensor

• An inductive sensor is a proximity sensor that detects metal objects.

Overload Relay

• An overload relay trips when there is an over current.

Output Module

• An output module connects output devices to the controller.

PLC

• PLC is also known as a conventional relay logic replacer.

Power Supply

• The power supply is a PLC hardware component that provides power to the PLC.

Closed Contact

• A closed contact allows current to flow through to the next element.

Compact PLC Expansion

• A maximum of 3 expansion units is possible in a compact PLC.

Memory of PLC

• The PLC's memory stores the status of field devices.

Contact

• A contact is a fundamental element of a ladder diagram.

PLC Addressing

• There are 32 bits per double word in PLC addressing.

PLC Definition

• A PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is an electronic device that performs logic and arithmetic operations to control machines or processes.

Mechatronics

• Mechatronics is an interdisciplinary area of engineering combining mechanical, electrical engineering, and computer science.
• A typical mechatronics system gathers signals, processes them, and generates output signals, transforming them into forces, motions, and actions.