Chapter 18
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Questions and Answers

What was a significant advancement introduced by George Westinghouse in the electrical industry?

  • Direct current (DC) power supply
  • Alternating current (AC) power supply (correct)
  • Compact electric motors
  • Carbonized cotton thread for light bulbs
  • Which factor contributed to Thomas Edison's successful development of the incandescent light bulb?

  • His exclusive focus on electric motors
  • The use of direct current (DC) throughout his experiments
  • His collaboration with Alexander Graham Bell
  • The financial backing from J.P. Morgan (correct)
  • What was one of the major impacts of the transcontinental railroad in the 19th century?

  • Stimulated the growth of other industries (correct)
  • Reduction in the cost of telegraph services
  • Greater isolation of rural areas
  • Decreased demand for iron and coal industries
  • What term was used to describe the new millionaires who were often viewed negatively for exploiting workers?

    <p>Robber barons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the patent for the telephone considered highly profitable despite being short?

    <p>It was contested by many inventors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much did the number of industrial workers increase between 1880 and 1920?

    <p>Quadrupled from 2.5 million to over 10 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the two major processes that transformed steel production after the Civil War?

    <p>Bessemer process and open-hearth process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one major benefit of the inventions during this industrial era for household management?

    <p>Improved public health through sanitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which company was transformed into the American Telephone and Telegraph Company after acquiring Bell's patent?

    <p>National Bell Telephone Company</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did advancements in communication technologies affect message delivery during the late 19th century?

    <p>Information could travel in minutes rather than days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change occurred in the number of patents issued by the U.S. Patent Office from 1860 to 1890?

    <p>The number of patents exploded to nearly 450,000.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the development of commercial electricity impact industries by the end of the nineteenth century?

    <p>It enabled industries to concentrate in urban areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one result of the explosion of inventive energy in late nineteenth-century America?

    <p>A rise in the number of urban factories requiring labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary motivation behind the surge of inventions in America during this period?

    <p>The pursuit of efficiency, comfort, and abundance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context did most Americans still live and work on farms as late as 1880?

    <p>Only a small fraction of the population had moved to cities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What practice did railroad owners use that disadvantaged local producers and farmers?

    <p>Differential shipping rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which railroad magnate was known for exploiting other investors during his management of the Erie Railroad?

    <p>Jay Gould</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary way that railroads funded their rapid growth during the late 19th century?

    <p>Government loans and grants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt's approach differ from that of Jay Gould?

    <p>Vanderbilt focused on expanding rail connections for efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which famous industrialist's early work included being a bobbin boy and later a telegram messenger boy?

    <p>Andrew Carnegie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Andrew Carnegie's primary industry in which he made his fortune?

    <p>Steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Carnegie's approach to wealth according to his beliefs?

    <p>Wealth should serve as a tool for societal benefit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Carnegie suggest wealthy individuals should bestow charity?

    <p>By helping those who are willing to help themselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did Social Darwinism play in Carnegie's view of wealth and success?

    <p>It justified the impoverishment of the unfit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of Carnegie's key business strategies during economic downturns?

    <p>Buy out struggling steel competitors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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