Industrial Revolution Overview
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Questions and Answers

The Second stage of the Industrial Revolution took place between 1870 and 1970.

True (A)

Birth rates in England during the 18th century were lower than death rates.

False (B)

The steam engine was initially used in factories as a source of energy.

False (B)

The Norfolk system was a major improvement in farming techniques during the Agricultural Revolution.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Industrial Revolution began with the rise of factories.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Colonialism was primarily driven by the belief in the superiority of European culture.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All colonial powers in the 19th century were European.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'concession' refers to a territory completely controlled by a colonizing power.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The British Empire had colonies solely in Asia and Africa.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The French Empire was the only European power to have colonies in Africa.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Industrial Revolution saw an increase in productivity because each person was assigned multiple tasks.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Innovations in the textile industry included the use of steam power to operate machinery.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The creation of canals and steamboats during the Transportation Revolution had no effect on trade.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The United States experienced high agricultural productivity due to abundant natural resources.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Second Industrial Revolution, starting in 1870, was marked by advancements in electricity and petroleum extraction.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Japan struggled to adopt new innovations during its industrial development.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The iron industry relied on steam engines primarily for the decorative processes of iron processing.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Industrialization in Russia was characterized by early advancements compared to other nations.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Poor living conditions were common in industrial cities during the period of industrialization.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

European emigration during the industrialization period mainly directed migrants to South America.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The invention of the automobile occurred in 1895 by Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Wright Brothers achieved the first flight in 1905.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Taylorism refers to the management approach focused on division of labor and time management.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cartels and trusts are examples of companies working independently rather than collectively.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The expansion of the Industrial Revolution included countries like Italy and Spain.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The proletariat consisted of high-status workers with substantial salaries.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chartism was a movement aimed at improving labor rights and gaining representation in Parliament for the working class.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The high bourgeoisie were primarily composed of uneducated laborers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Luddism was characterized by workers collectively embracing new machinery.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Domestic service was a category that included various forms of self-employment in agriculture.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Marxism advocates for the abolition of social classes and private property.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anarchism supports the establishment of strong central governments to ensure order.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The International Workingmen's Association was founded in 1864 and later dissolved due to disagreements.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The economic motives for imperialism included the acquisition of cheap raw materials and markets.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Second International was created in 1864 to unify all socialist organizations across Europe.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Impact on Productivity

Specialized tasks increased individual productivity during the Industrial Revolution.

Textile Industry Innovations

Introduced cotton and wool machines powered by steam, transforming textile production.

Transportation Revolution

Developments like canals, steamboats, and railroads enhanced trade and migration.

Second Industrial Revolution

Period post-1870 marked by electricity, petroleum, and new technologies.

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Iron and Steel Expansion

Growth in production techniques for iron and steel, crucial for construction and manufacturing.

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Industrial Revolution

Period of technological advancements starting in Great Britain in the 18th century.

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Demographic Growth

Increase in population due to higher birth rates than death rates in 18th century England.

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Agricultural Revolution

Improvements in farming techniques and land ownership transformation during the 18th century.

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First Factories

Early factories that used manual labor until the introduction of the steam engine.

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James Watt

Inventor of the steam engine, crucial for powering the First Industries.

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Steam Ships

Transportation vessels that utilized steam power to move goods and people across oceans.

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Taylorism

A management theory developed by Frederick W. Taylor, focusing on efficiency through task division and time management.

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Assembly Line

A manufacturing process pioneered by Henry Ford, where products move through stations for mass production.

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High Agricultural Productivity (USA)

The role of abundant resources and a large market in enhancing farming output in the USA.

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Rapid Innovation (USA & Japan)

The quick adoption of new technologies that fueled industrial growth in these countries.

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Joint-Stock Companies

Businesses owned by shareholders, allowing the sale of negotiable shares in the stock market.

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State Investment (Russia)

Government investments, especially in railways, were crucial for Russia's industrialization.

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Forms of Business Concentration

Types of business structures including cartels, trusts, and holdings, often to control market production.

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Poor Living Conditions

Industrial cities faced challenges like inadequate housing and sanitation for the population.

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Population Expansion

The significant growth of population and migration patterns during industrialization.

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Social Classes

The hierarchical divisions within society based on wealth and power.

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Aristocracy

The high class that maintained prestigious positions and opulent lifestyles.

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Proletariat

The working class including workers and women with low salaries.

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Luddism

Movement where workers destroyed machinery to protest poor working conditions.

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Trade Unionism

Workers' collective efforts through strikes and unions for better conditions.

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Marxism

A political ideology that advocates for class struggle and the ultimate overthrow of capitalism to establish a classless society.

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Anarchism

An ideology opposing all forms of state control and promoting voluntary associations and collective property ownership.

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International Workingmen's Association

Established in 1864, it was an early international organization of workers that aimed to unite various socialist and labor movements.

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Causes of Imperialism

Factors leading to imperialism in the 19th century, including economic need for resources and political desire for dominance.

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Second International

Founded in 1889, it coordinated various Marxist organizations after the dissolution of the IWA due to disagreements.

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Ideological Aspects of Colonialism

Patriotism and belief in cultural superiority, often with racial implications.

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Religious Aspects of Colonialism

Efforts to convert indigenous peoples to Christianity, often through Catholic missions.

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British Empire Colonies

Major colonies included India, Africa, Canada, and Oceania under British control.

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Types of Colonial Control

Colonies have complete control, protectorates have local governance but controlled foreign policy, concessions are independent with agreements.

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French Empire Territories

Significant territories controlled by France, primarily in Africa during colonialism.

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