Industrial Revolution Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What are interchangeable parts?

Standardized parts that are identical and interchangeable (correct)

Parts made by different manufacturers

Unique parts designed for specific devices

Parts that are only made for military use

What was the Enclosure Movement?

A movement that forced agrarian poor off village commons to make way for private property and modern farming practices.

What are domestic systems?

An early industrial labor system where workers produced goods at home.

Define infrastructure.

Fundamental facilities and systems serving a country or area, including transportation and communication. Signup and view all the answers

What are textiles?

Cloth made by weaving or knitting, significantly impacting the economy as a major export for India. Signup and view all the answers

What are cottage industries?

Manufacturing industries where producers work from their homes, typically part-time. Signup and view all the answers

What led to the creation of canal systems?

The need for an economic and reliable way to transport goods and commodities during the Industrial Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

What are joint stock companies?

17th-century English corporations that pooled investors' money to fund exploration and trade. Signup and view all the answers

Define mass production.

The process of making large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply. Signup and view all the answers

What is division of labor?

The division of work into separate tasks to be performed by different workers. Signup and view all the answers

What does mechanization refer to in agriculture?

The replacement of human labor with technology or machines. Signup and view all the answers

Who is Adam Smith?

A Scottish economist known for 'Wealth of Nations' and advocating for laissez-faire capitalism. Signup and view all the answers

What is Eli Whitney known for?

Inventing the cotton gin, which improved cotton processing efficiency. Signup and view all the answers

Who is James Watt?

A Scottish engineer who improved the steam engine's efficiency. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Robert Owen?

A British cotton manufacturer who believed in cooperative living to reveal human goodness. Signup and view all the answers

What is Thomas Edison best known for?

Inventing over 1,000 patents, including the light bulb. Signup and view all the answers

What is Charles Dickens known for?

His novels highlighting class inequities in 19th-century England. Signup and view all the answers

Define Romanticism.

A 19th-century artistic and literary movement in Western Europe. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Interchangeable Parts

Developed by Eli Whitney between 1799-1800, introducing standardized and identical components for manufacturing.
Allowed for easier repairs and replacements of broken device parts, enhancing production efficiency.
First application was in the manufacturing of muskets for the U.S. government.

Enclosure Movement

A 18th-century initiative by wealthy British aristocrats aimed at consolidating farming lands.
Implemented new agricultural technologies and crop rotations, resulting in the displacement of poor agrarian communities from common lands into private enclosures.

Domestic Systems

An early industrial labor system where goods were produced by workers at home rather than in centralized factories.

Infrastructure

Refers to essential facilities and systems such as transportation, communication networks, power plants, and educational institutions within a country or area.

Textiles

Woven or knitted cloth that served as a major export for India, significantly impacting its economy.

Cottage Industries

Home-based manufacturing activities involving part-time production of crafts and household goods such as sewing and lace-making.

Canal Systems

Developed during the Industrial Revolution to provide an efficient means for transporting goods in large quantities.

Joint Stock Companies

17th-century English corporations that allowed multiple investors to pool resources through stock sales to finance overseas trade and exploration.

Mass Production

The practice of rapidly and cheaply producing large quantities of goods, revolutionizing manufacturing.

Division of Labor

A production approach where work is subdivided into separate tasks assigned to different workers to enhance efficiency.

Mechanization

The transition in agriculture from human labor to the use of technology and machines for productivity.

Adam Smith

Scottish economist (1723-1790) known for "Wealth of Nations", advocating for laissez-faire capitalism and free trade while critiquing mercantilism.
Emphasized the role of individual self-interest in economic activities and the importance of supply and demand in setting prices.

Eli Whitney

Inventor of the cotton gin in 1793; significantly boosted cotton production, which increased the plantation economy and the demand for enslaved labor in the South.

James Watt

Scottish engineer who enhanced the steam engine, greatly improving its efficiency and effectiveness; credited with pivotal innovations like controlling steam pressure with a governor.

Robert Owen

British cotton manufacturer (1771-1858) who believed in creating cooperative societies to reveal human goodness; tested his ideas at New Lanark and New Harmony but encountered failures.

Thomas Edison

American inventor (1847-1931) with over 1,000 patents, including the light bulb; established a power plant that provided electricity to parts of New York City.

Charles Dickens

English author (1812-1870) recognized for his realistic portrayal of class disparities in 19th-century England; his works highlighted the struggles of the lower classes.

Romanticism

A 19th-century artistic and literary movement in Western Europe that emphasized emotion, nature, and individualism, often in contrast to the Industrial Revolution's rationality and progress.

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Description

Explore key concepts of the Industrial Revolution with these flashcards. Each card presents important terms and definitions, helping you understand the impact of innovations such as interchangeable parts. Perfect for students looking to grasp the fundamentals of this transformative period in history.