Industrial Revolution and Key Innovations

A scientist who made the first musket of interchangeable parts. He is important because he made the first steps of developing tools that unskilled workers could make in abundance.

Parts that can be used again and again.

The production of goods in large quantities.

Social and economic reorganization that took place as machines replaced hand tools and large-scale factory production developed.

Cotton engine that made it possible to sell short-staple cotton for a profit as a Southern farmer

a House Speaker who rallied behind the American System and promoted it to members of Congress. Was important because it helped the American System and its many components come to be.

A plan created by President Madison to unite the different regions of the country and create a strong, stable economy. -Developing transportation systems -Establishing a protective tariff -The resurrection of national bank (see in more detail on section 1 doc)

Federally funded highway that would connect different regions by land

A project that took 8 years to dig, and stretched 363 miles. It linked the Hudson RIver to Lake Erie, and the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes

Proposed by President Madison to help pay for internal improvements. People in the South and West did not want this Tariff because they did not rely on manufactured goods, but Clay swayed the congressmen from those regions to approve the Tariff.

the belief that national interests should be placed ahead of regional concerns or the interests of other countries.

Spain conceded Florida to the U.S. and gave up its claims in the Oregon treaty

A foreign policy statement

• The Americas and Europe have distinct spheres of influence -European powers would not be allowed to establish new colonies in the Western Hemisphere -The U.S. could not interfere in European affairs -Any attempt by a European power to interfere with a nation in the Western Hemisphere would be viewed as a hostile act against the United States

The states were arguing over slavery laws, but Congress managed to temporarily resolve the crisis with a series of agreements

Beat out Adams in the election through popular vote, but lacked the electoral college votes. Henry Clay hated Jackson, and swayed the House of Representatives against him. Jacksonians were outraged, and left the Republican party to form the Democratic-Republican Party

Incoming officials throw out former appointees and replace them with their own friends. Jackson fired nearly 10% of federal employees, mostly who were there after Adams term

Passed in 1830 the federal government funded the negotiation of treaties that would force the Native Americans to move west.

Beginning in October and November of 1838, the Cherokee were sent on an 800 mile trip majorly by foot. The farther along the journey, the more Cherokee people died. Along the way, government officials stole the Cherokees money, while outlaws made off with their livestock.

Congress in 1816 passed a tariff to protect the infant American industries. The tariff was increased in 1824 and again in 1828. The tariff forced the South to buy more expensive Northern manufactured goods. The North was getting rich at the expense of the south.

Andre Jackson waged a personal war on the Bank of the US (BUS) and vetoed the bill to recharter the bank

Around May of 1837, banks stopped accepting paper currency. Bank closings and the collapse of the credit system cost many people their savings, bankrupted hundreds of businesses, and put over ⅓ of the population out of work.

The embargo of 1807 prohibited Americans from sending goods to Europe, bringing trade to a stand still. The War of 1812 saw the British navy selling off the coastline and preventing ships from leaving the U.S. harbor. Americans had to invest in other ventures than overseas shipping.

Citizens heavily depended on shipping and foreign trade, as agriculture was not highly profitable there. One British immigrant created a textile factory. Then 3 Bostonians made a machine to complete all three steps of textile production. Then a larger operation was made. Thousands of young women came there to work.

Because farmers had little economic motivation to use slaves, and many Northerners voiced their political and religious opinions against slavery.

The South's climate was much more ideal for agriculture, with long hot summers, and heavy rainfall. The North was less fit, having cold weather and a short growing season.

North-Small farms that don't require much maintenance for profit South-Used cotton gin to grow short-staple cotton for a profit

north - Manufactured goods that farmers in the South and West would buy south - Produced most of the grain, meat, and cotton needed in the North

People shifted to cities when more jobs were available due to the industrial revolution. Perspective in jobs with machinery caused hope for a higher paying job. When New England built a bigger manufacturing facility, many women traveled there to get a higher paying job

once the war of 1812 is over, the U.S. and Europe would not come for each other's land or cross each other's hemispheres.

short term: -avoid conflict -protect trade long term: -future expansion in America without interference -deter future European colonization attempts

Admitted Missouri as a slave state, maine as a free state, and prohibited slavery in any state north of the Louisiana purchase land

The new spirit of Nationalism was fragile. The country was divided, causing heavy tension between the two states. Credited to politics the countries were splitting

more poeple will vote

Not adapting to American culture Wanting land No profit Not building anything Thought we would constantly be in arguments

The Cherokee largely resisted the Indian Removal act. They tried to earn fair treatment in the U.S. Chief Justice John Marshall refused to rule on the first case, the Cherokee, because he thought they had no federal standing. They teamed up with Samuel Austin Worcester, a missionary who had been jailed for teaching Indians without a state license, who would have to be heard as a citizen.They finally won recognition but unfortunately, Jackson didn't care and stuck with Marshall's original opinion.

These were significant crises because it created a larger divide between the North and South, rather than unite the two. It highlighted issues of the state's individual rights being overshadowed by the country's needs. It nearly psuhed the South to withdra from the country as a whole