Industrial Revolution 1750-1914

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Questions and Answers

What was the typical working hours for workers in an early nineteenth-century textile factory?

12 hours or more per day

Why were children employed in textile factories during the eighteenth century?

To help support their family

What was the job of 'piecers' in textile factories?

To lean over the spinning machine and repair broken threads while the machine was running

What was the job of 'hurriers' in coalmines?

To carry baskets or tow trucks of coal to the surface Signup and view all the answers

What was the job of 'trappers' in coalmines?

To open and close the ventilation doors in the underground tunnels Signup and view all the answers

What was the occupation of chimney sweeps, and what were the risks associated with it?

Chimney sweeps, often children as young as six, were at risk of choking to death from breathing in dust and soot, or getting injured by falling or getting stuck in narrow chimneys. Signup and view all the answers

When did the Eureka Stockade event take place?

1854 Signup and view all the answers

What was the gathering of 12,000 diggers at Eureka known as?

The Eureka Flag Signup and view all the answers

What was the timeframe of the Industrial Revolution?

1750-1914 Signup and view all the answers

What was the main driver of the Industrial Revolution?

The textile industry, particularly the cotton industry Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Spinning Jenny in the Industrial Revolution?

Allowed for yarn to be spun more efficiently, enabling textile production to move to factories Signup and view all the answers

What was the advantage of using coal over wood and charcoal?

It was a more efficient fuel Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on agriculture?

The adoption of new techniques and tools, such as the seed drill and Rotherham plough Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of steam power in the Industrial Revolution?

It allowed for the development of new forms of transportation, such as railways Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on transportation?

Improved methods of transport, such as railways and steam engines Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the increased use of coal in the smelting process?

Improved methods of refining iron ore Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Industrial Revolution

Occurred between 1750 and 1914
Reshaped the way food, clothing, and other necessities were produced
Began in Britain in the mid-eighteenth century
New materials, sources of power, and transport transformed society

Technological Advancements

Agricultural Revolution:
- Enclosure of open fields
- New farming techniques
- Seed Drill and Rotherham Plough
- Shift to a more business-oriented approach to farming
Power sources:
- Horses
- Wind
- Water (Water Wheel)
- Steam (Steam Engine)

Textile Industry

Main driver of the Industrial Revolution
Production of cotton textiles shifted from cottage industry to factory-based enterprise
Spinning Jenny (1760s) allowed for yarn to be spun more efficiently
Cotton mills emerged as specialized factories

Transportation

Improved methods of transport increased availability of raw materials and distribution of finished products
Railways and steam engines revolutionized transportation

Conditions in the Workforce

Early nineteenth-century textile factories were dangerous and unpleasant
Workers faced:
- Long hours (12 hours or more per day)
- Poor ventilation
- Excessive heat
- Unfenced machines with no safety guards
- High risk of injury

Child Labor

Common in the eighteenth century for children to work to support their families
Factory children were known as 'Piecers' or 'Scavengers'
Jobs included:
- Piecers: repairing broken threads on spinning machines
- Scavengers: collecting cotton waste under running machines
- Hurriers and trappers in coalmines
- Trappers: opening and closing ventilation doors in underground tunnels
Children as young as four or five were employed as trappers

The Eureka Stockade

1854 event
12,000 diggers gathered at Eureka
The Eureka Flag was used

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Description

This quiz covers the Industrial Revolution, which transformed society between 1750 and 1914, and its key technological advancements and impact on production.