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Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of the New Global Labour Studies?
What differentiated transnational labour strategies from traditional labour internationalism according to the text?
What is the primary focus of successful labor transnationalism?
Why are transnational labor strategies different from old labor internationalism?
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Deliberative vitality is not a relevant factor in the internal solidarity of trade unions
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Narrative resources do not play a significant role in shaping identities and interests within trade unions
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Network embeddedness only refers to unions' connections with other unions, not community groups or social movements
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Narrative resources consist of values, stories, and ideologies that aggregate identities and interests in trade unions
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Deliberative vitality is not a relevant factor in the internal solidarity of trade unions
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Network embeddedness only refers to unions' connections with other unions, not community groups or social movements
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Narrative resources play a significant role in shaping identities and interests within trade unions
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Deliberative vitality is not a relevant factor in the internal solidarity of trade unions
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Network embeddedness only refers to unions' connections with other unions, not community groups or social movements
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Narrative resources consist of values, stories, and ideologies that aggregate identities and interests in trade unions
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Structural changes in labor and product markets do not create new divisions between workers, challenging trade unions
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Deliberative vitality can only characterize strongly cohesive collective identities, not highly factionalized unions
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Deliberative vitality is not a relevant factor in the internal solidarity of trade unions
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Network embeddedness only includes unions' connections with other union organizations, not community groups or social movements
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Narrative resources can exert a powerful positive or negative influence on actions in response to new situations
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What are the four main bargaining patterns identified in the article?
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What role does the state play in shaping bargaining dynamics?
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In which markets is industrial conflict channeled through establishment-level bargaining?
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What is the primary focus of the Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh?
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Who shares responsibility in addressing workers' rights violations in Bangladesh?
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What did the European Parliament highlight in its resolution regarding Bangladesh in June 2017?
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What is the governance structure of the Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh?
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What is the budget of the Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh per year?
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How many factories have been terminated by the Accord for failing to implement required safety renovations?
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Study Notes
Transnational Labor Strategies: A Comprehensive Overview
- The Great Transformation did not give special importance to workers or strategic labor transnationalism in the spontaneous countermovement it described
- The countermovement lacked deliberate networking or attempted interconnectedness
- Polanyi’s work can be seen as a formulaic social change theory, despite his critiques of Marx
- The emergence of a global countermovement and the role of labor in it is an empirical question
- Successful labor transnationalism is primarily about strategy
- There is a bias in the literature for the position that labor can and should match capital at a global scale
- Transnational labor strategies are different from those of old labor internationalism due to new structural changes in the global economy
- The 1999 protests against the World Trade Organization in Seattle solidified the idea of "social movement unionism"
- Case studies of transnational campaigns include the United Steelworkers’ dispute with the Ravenswood Aluminum Corporation, the dockers’ dispute in Liverpool, and the Teamsters’ successful strike against UPS
- The idea that transnational labor activists were becoming “more like social movements” was more prescriptive than descriptive
- There are countless new union-activist alliances forged in the heat of the 1999 anti-WTO protests in Seattle
- There is a growing understanding of unions’ transnational strategies and employers’ vulnerabilities, reflecting the increasing use by unions of research into the operations of TNCs
Building Internal Solidarity in Trade Unions
- Interactions with other actors affect individuals' definition of interests and understanding of those interests
- Internal solidarity in unions is underpinned by the extent of deliberative vitality
- Deliberative vitality can characterize highly factionalized unions or those with strongly cohesive collective identities
- Structural changes in labor and product markets create new divisions between workers, challenging trade unions
- Solidarity is built through horizontal and vertical links within and between unions and the community
- Network embeddedness refers to unions' connections with other union organizations, community groups, and social movements
- The importance of unions being connected into vertical and horizontal networks and structures is highlighted
- The diversity and density of the network are relevant dimensions of network embeddedness
- Narrative resources consist of values, stories, and ideologies that aggregate identities and interests in trade unions
- Union activists draw on a stock of narratives that reflect values, projects, and repertories of action
- These narratives can exert a powerful positive or negative influence on actions in response to new situations
- As situations change, existing narrative resources can translate into declining potential for power
Building Internal Solidarity in Trade Unions
- Interactions with other actors affect individuals' definition of interests and understanding of those interests
- Internal solidarity in unions is underpinned by the extent of deliberative vitality
- Deliberative vitality can characterize highly factionalized unions or those with strongly cohesive collective identities
- Structural changes in labor and product markets create new divisions between workers, challenging trade unions
- Solidarity is built through horizontal and vertical links within and between unions and the community
- Network embeddedness refers to unions' connections with other union organizations, community groups, and social movements
- The importance of unions being connected into vertical and horizontal networks and structures is highlighted
- The diversity and density of the network are relevant dimensions of network embeddedness
- Narrative resources consist of values, stories, and ideologies that aggregate identities and interests in trade unions
- Union activists draw on a stock of narratives that reflect values, projects, and repertories of action
- These narratives can exert a powerful positive or negative influence on actions in response to new situations
- As situations change, existing narrative resources can translate into declining potential for power
Building Internal Solidarity in Trade Unions
- Interactions with other actors affect individuals' definition of interests and understanding of those interests
- Internal solidarity in unions is underpinned by the extent of deliberative vitality
- Deliberative vitality can characterize highly factionalized unions or those with strongly cohesive collective identities
- Structural changes in labor and product markets create new divisions between workers, challenging trade unions
- Solidarity is built through horizontal and vertical links within and between unions and the community
- Network embeddedness refers to unions' connections with other union organizations, community groups, and social movements
- The importance of unions being connected into vertical and horizontal networks and structures is highlighted
- The diversity and density of the network are relevant dimensions of network embeddedness
- Narrative resources consist of values, stories, and ideologies that aggregate identities and interests in trade unions
- Union activists draw on a stock of narratives that reflect values, projects, and repertories of action
- These narratives can exert a powerful positive or negative influence on actions in response to new situations
- As situations change, existing narrative resources can translate into declining potential for power
Building Internal Solidarity in Trade Unions
- Interactions with other actors affect individuals' definition of interests and understanding of those interests
- Internal solidarity in unions is underpinned by the extent of deliberative vitality
- Deliberative vitality can characterize highly factionalized unions or those with strongly cohesive collective identities
- Structural changes in labor and product markets create new divisions between workers, challenging trade unions
- Solidarity is built through horizontal and vertical links within and between unions and the community
- Network embeddedness refers to unions' connections with other union organizations, community groups, and social movements
- The importance of unions being connected into vertical and horizontal networks and structures is highlighted
- The diversity and density of the network are relevant dimensions of network embeddedness
- Narrative resources consist of values, stories, and ideologies that aggregate identities and interests in trade unions
- Union activists draw on a stock of narratives that reflect values, projects, and repertories of action
- These narratives can exert a powerful positive or negative influence on actions in response to new situations
- As situations change, existing narrative resources can translate into declining potential for power
Patterns of Bargaining in Employment Relationships
- The article focuses on employment relationships (ER) involving worker organization and argues that bargaining patterns are related to employer and worker organizational forms.
- The organizational structures of management and labor tend to produce a range of bargaining patterns, with collective bargaining institutions typically focusing the contestation point toward a specific location.
- Four main bargaining patterns are identified: hierarchy-hierarchy, envelopment, dispersion, and network bargaining, each representing different dynamics in the employment relationship.
- The state plays a crucial role in shaping bargaining dynamics by facilitating or constraining employer structures and workers' organizational forms.
- The variation in degrees to which firms and labor adopt organizational forms, as well as state intervention, leads to variations in bargaining patterns across sectors, countries, and time.
- The traditional assumption that political boundaries and social contracts constrain management strategies is no longer tenable due to the rise in network bargaining and labor organizing across boundaries.
- The emergence of network bargaining is influenced by the restructuring of firms and the reorganization of labor to establish new enforceable agreements across the firm network.
- Traditional collective bargaining involves hierarchically organized management and labor, with the hierarchy being an institutional question influenced by market and country-specific factors.
- Constraints on capital's mobility and flexibility lead management to adopt firm or industry-level bargaining structures, and labor organizes into unions to wield its power based on market competitiveness and disruption ability.
- In European markets, industrial conflict is channeled through industry-wide bargaining agreements, while in the United States and many developing market economies, it is channeled through establishment-level bargaining.
- The dynamics and implications of network bargaining are explored, emphasizing the evolving nature of employment relationships and the need to adapt the study of ER to these changes.
- The article highlights the importance of understanding the various bargaining patterns in predicting social outcomes and adapting to the evolving nature of employment relationships.
Workers' Rights and Building Safety in Bangladesh
- Bangladesh has been urged by the ILO to align its labor laws with international standards, especially by allowing unionization in export processing zones and facilitating the unionization process in the RMG sector.
- In December 2016, 1,600 garment workers were dismissed and 34 trade unionists were arrested, leading to pressure from labor rights advocates and international brands to release the detained workers and respect workers' rights.
- The European Parliament passed a resolution in June 2017, highlighting the persecution of trade union leaders and poor working conditions in Bangladesh.
- Violations of workers' rights have increased since 2000, with fluctuations corresponding to export pricing trends.
- Suppliers, the government, and buyers share responsibility in addressing workers' rights violations in Bangladesh.
- The Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh has made significant progress in building safety, covering over 2 million workers and involving international brands and retailers in a binding agreement.
- Article 22 of the Accord ensures that participating brands and retailers negotiate commercial terms with their suppliers to maintain safe workplaces and comply with upgrade and remediation requirements.
- The Accord's governance structure includes a Steering Committee comprising representatives chosen by trade unions, company signatories, and an ILO representative, ensuring worker participation and decision-making.
- The Accord has a budget of approximately US$11 million per year and has hired and trained engineers and safety personnel to ensure the safety of factories and workers.
- The Accord has temporarily evacuated 50 factories due to structural safety concerns and terminated 96 factories for failing to implement required safety renovations.
- Building evacuations and recommendations are submitted to the government of Bangladesh Review Panel, with the possibility of being overturned by unanimous decision.
- Accord inspectors had d... (text incomplete)
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