Industrial and Household Toxicology: Types and Mechanisms of Toxicity

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Questions and Answers

What are the characteristic properties of carbon monoxide gas?

  • Colorless, odorless, tasteless, and nonirritating (correct)
  • Colorless, odorless, sweet, and irritating
  • Blue, smelly, sour, and irritating
  • Red, odorless, bitter, and irritating

What is the primary endogenous source of carbon monoxide?

  • Virus infection
  • Normal heme catabolism (correct)
  • Bacterial infection
  • Anemia

Which of the following is NOT an exogenous source of carbon monoxide?

  • Cigarette smoke
  • Automobile exhaust
  • Gas-powered electrical generators
  • Methylene chloride (correct)

Why is carbon monoxide considered an extremely stable molecule?

<p>It has a triple bond between carbon and oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common manifestation of carbon monoxide poisoning?

<p>Headache and dizziness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would normal heme catabolism lead to the production of carbon monoxide?

<p>Hemolytic anemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does methylene chloride exposure mainly occur?

<p>Inhalation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What leads to the formation of carbon monoxide (CO) in the body after exposure to methylene chloride?

<p>Biodegradation by the liver mixed function oxidases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the affinity of carbon monoxide (CO) for hemoglobin compared to oxygen (O2)?

<p>250 times the affinity of oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does carbon monoxide (CO) affect oxygen (O2) transport in the body?

<p>It displaces and prevents oxygen binding to hemoglobin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the long-term effects of carbon monoxide (CO) exposure on the cardiac system?

<p>Increased risk of premature cardiac death (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In addition to binding to hemoglobin, carbon monoxide (CO) also binds to which iron-containing protein?

<p>Myoglobin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of carbon monoxide (CO) exposure on the respiratory system?

<p>Induction of neurogenic pulmonary edema (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At high levels of exposure, carbon monoxide (CO) can lead to which syndrome that is associated with a high mortality rate?

<p>Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical half-life of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in room air?

<p>240-360 minutes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apart from volcanic gases and human pollution, what is another source of environmental exposure to carbon monoxide?

<p>Combustion engine exhaust (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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