Industrial and Household Toxicology: Types and Mechanisms of Toxicity

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What are the characteristic properties of carbon monoxide gas?

Colorless, odorless, tasteless, and nonirritating (correct)

Colorless, odorless, sweet, and irritating

Blue, smelly, sour, and irritating

Red, odorless, bitter, and irritating

What is the primary endogenous source of carbon monoxide?

Virus infection

Normal heme catabolism (correct)

Bacterial infection

Anemia

Which of the following is NOT an exogenous source of carbon monoxide?

Cigarette smoke

Automobile exhaust

Gas-powered electrical generators

Methylene chloride (correct)

Why is carbon monoxide considered an extremely stable molecule?

It has a triple bond between carbon and oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common manifestation of carbon monoxide poisoning?

Headache and dizziness Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would normal heme catabolism lead to the production of carbon monoxide?

Hemolytic anemia Signup and view all the answers

How does methylene chloride exposure mainly occur?

Inhalation Signup and view all the answers

What leads to the formation of carbon monoxide (CO) in the body after exposure to methylene chloride?

Biodegradation by the liver mixed function oxidases Signup and view all the answers

What is the affinity of carbon monoxide (CO) for hemoglobin compared to oxygen (O2)?

250 times the affinity of oxygen Signup and view all the answers

How does carbon monoxide (CO) affect oxygen (O2) transport in the body?

It displaces and prevents oxygen binding to hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What are the long-term effects of carbon monoxide (CO) exposure on the cardiac system?

Increased risk of premature cardiac death Signup and view all the answers

In addition to binding to hemoglobin, carbon monoxide (CO) also binds to which iron-containing protein?

Myoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of carbon monoxide (CO) exposure on the respiratory system?

Induction of neurogenic pulmonary edema Signup and view all the answers

At high levels of exposure, carbon monoxide (CO) can lead to which syndrome that is associated with a high mortality rate?

Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical half-life of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in room air?

240-360 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Apart from volcanic gases and human pollution, what is another source of environmental exposure to carbon monoxide?

Combustion engine exhaust Signup and view all the answers

Industrial and Household Toxicology: Types and Mechanisms of Toxicity

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