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Questions and Answers
What is the principal motivation for the control of dust emissions mentioned in the text?
What is the principal motivation for the control of dust emissions mentioned in the text?
- Efficient handling of bulk materials
- Environmental and health concerns (correct)
- Prevention of excessive environmental pollution
- Economic recovery of valuable products
Which of the following operations is NOT mentioned as a potential source of high dust concentrations?
Which of the following operations is NOT mentioned as a potential source of high dust concentrations?
- Mixing
- Pneumatic conveying
- Melting (correct)
- Grinding
What has become of prime importance since the Health and Safety at Work Act became law?
What has become of prime importance since the Health and Safety at Work Act became law?
- Avoidance of excessive environmental pollution (correct)
- Economic recovery of valuable products
- Prevention of toxic product escape
- Efficient handling of bulk materials
What type of product would require extreme measures to prevent its escape from the plant?
What type of product would require extreme measures to prevent its escape from the plant?
What is the primary function of extractor hoods in industrial environments?
What is the primary function of extractor hoods in industrial environments?
What is the primary function of gravity chambers in industrial environments?
What is the primary function of gravity chambers in industrial environments?
What is the most common type of cyclone used to separate particles from a gas stream?
What is the most common type of cyclone used to separate particles from a gas stream?
What factors affect cyclone efficiency?
What factors affect cyclone efficiency?
What is pressure drop in the context of cyclone separators?
What is pressure drop in the context of cyclone separators?
What is a disadvantage of large cyclone separators?
What is a disadvantage of large cyclone separators?
What is an advantage of cyclones as dust control equipment?
What is an advantage of cyclones as dust control equipment?
What is the primary function of wet scrubbers in industrial environments?
What is the primary function of wet scrubbers in industrial environments?
When is absorption in wet scrubbers effective for controlling pollutant gases?
When is absorption in wet scrubbers effective for controlling pollutant gases?
What is a disadvantage of wet scrubbers as dust control equipment?
What is a disadvantage of wet scrubbers as dust control equipment?
What are wet scrubbers feasible for in terms of controlling pollutant gases?
What are wet scrubbers feasible for in terms of controlling pollutant gases?
What are the three major hazards posed by dust emission in mining environments?
What are the three major hazards posed by dust emission in mining environments?
Which type of dust particles are the most hazardous for the lungs?
Which type of dust particles are the most hazardous for the lungs?
How can dust enter the body, leading to various health issues?
How can dust enter the body, leading to various health issues?
What influences dust deposition in the lungs?
What influences dust deposition in the lungs?
How are dusts classified based on their biological action?
How are dusts classified based on their biological action?
What are the defined limits for dust concentration?
What are the defined limits for dust concentration?
What is the best solution to the problem of dust in manufacturing processes?
What is the best solution to the problem of dust in manufacturing processes?
What is 'dustability' as mentioned in the text?
What is 'dustability' as mentioned in the text?
Which operations contribute to dust generation in mining environments?
Which operations contribute to dust generation in mining environments?
What is essential to keep dust away from personnel and prevent its escape into the environment?
What is essential to keep dust away from personnel and prevent its escape into the environment?
What are effective approaches for controlling dust dispersion, especially in environments presenting an explosion hazard?
What are effective approaches for controlling dust dispersion, especially in environments presenting an explosion hazard?
What is the purpose of wet washers or scrubbers in air cleaning?
What is the purpose of wet washers or scrubbers in air cleaning?
When are non-aqueous liquids used for air cleaning?
When are non-aqueous liquids used for air cleaning?
What is the purpose of electrically augmented scrubbers in air cleaning?
What is the purpose of electrically augmented scrubbers in air cleaning?
How do filters depend on particle size for collection?
How do filters depend on particle size for collection?
What is the function of electrostatic precipitators in air cleaning?
What is the function of electrostatic precipitators in air cleaning?
What is the relationship between the area of the collecting electrodes and collecting efficiency in electrostatic precipitators?
What is the relationship between the area of the collecting electrodes and collecting efficiency in electrostatic precipitators?
What is the trend of capital cost for an electrostatic precipitator with respect to its size?
What is the trend of capital cost for an electrostatic precipitator with respect to its size?
What are the conditions required for a dust explosion to occur?
What are the conditions required for a dust explosion to occur?
What can ignite dust clouds?
What can ignite dust clouds?
How can the disastrous effects of a dust explosion be avoided?
How can the disastrous effects of a dust explosion be avoided?
What is the range of topics covered in the course?
What is the range of topics covered in the course?
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Study Notes
Industrial Air Cleaning and Dust Explosion Hazards
- Wet washers or scrubbers are commonly used for air cleaning, using water as an absorbent, which may contain other chemicals to react with the gas being absorbed.
- Non-aqueous liquids may be used for gases with low water solubility, such as hydrocarbons or hydrogen sulfide.
- To reduce high-power usage of wet dust collectors, electrically augmented scrubbers, two- or three-stage venturi scrubbers, and bubble foam scrubbers are used.
- Filters depend on particle size for collection, using screens or fabric filter bags, and require regular cleaning for improved collecting efficiency.
- Electrostatic precipitators involve passing dusty gas through a high-voltage field to remove particles, with collecting efficiency varying exponentially with the area of the collecting electrodes.
- The capital cost of an electrostatic precipitator is high and increases with size, but the operating costs are relatively small.
- Dust explosions result from high concentrations of combustible dust particles suspended in the air, which can be ignited by a spark or other ignition source.
- A wide range of particulate solids pose an explosion hazard, and three conditions must exist before an explosion can occur: a suspension of combustible dust, an ignition source, and sufficient oxygen.
- Minimizing the hazard involves eliminating dust clouds and sources of ignition, but complete elimination of ignition sources is impossible.
- Dust clouds can be ignited by temperatures as low as 200°C, and high temperatures and open flames encountered in processing operations or during maintenance can ignite dust clouds.
- To avoid the disastrous effects of an explosion, the plant should be divided into small separate volumes to prevent the propagation of explosions.
- The course covers topics such as the generation of dust, hazard associated with dust emission, dust suppression, elimination of dust, dust dispersion control, air cleaners, and dust explosion.
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