Special Situations in L & D
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Questions and Answers

What are the three main complications of amniotomy?

  • Prolapse of the umbilical cord, infection, and abruptio placentae (correct)
  • Infection, uterine rupture, and postpartum hemorrhage
  • Prolapse of the umbilical cord, preterm labor, and placental abruption
  • Fetal distress, maternal fever, and amniotic fluid embolism

What is the nursing intervention if non-reassuring fetal heart rate patterns or hypertonic uterine contractions occur during oxytocin administration?

  • Reposition the woman, decrease or discontinue the oxytocin, administer oxygen, and prepare terbutaline (correct)
  • Administer IV fluids to prevent maternal water intoxication
  • Notify the healthcare provider and prepare for an emergency cesarean delivery
  • Increase the dose of oxytocin to enhance uterine contractions

What is the purpose of administering oxytocin (Pitocin) during labor?

  • To reduce maternal fever and fetal distress
  • To induce labor and augment uterine contractions (correct)
  • To treat preterm labor
  • To prevent postpartum hemorrhage

What is the purpose of amnioinfusion during labor?

<p>To treat oligohydramnios and prevent umbilical cord compression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication of oxytocin (Pitocin) administration during labor?

<p>Hypertonic uterine activity (Tachysystole) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of closely monitoring the woman's intake and output during oxytocin (Pitocin) administration?

<p>To identify potential water intoxication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of inducing labor?

<p>To initiate labor before it begins naturally (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Bishop score?

<p>To assess the likelihood of successful labor induction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum recommended Bishop score before attempting labor induction?

<p>6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to confirm fetal maturity before inducing labor?

<p>Both ultrasound and amniotic fluid analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum gestational age recommended for labor induction?

<p>39 weeks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which monitoring is essential during labor induction?

<p>Uterine activity and fetal heart rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for labor induction?

<p>Favorable fetal station (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of nipple stimulation during labor?

<p>To improve the quality of contractions that have slowed or weakened (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main risk associated with artificial rupture of membranes (AROM)?

<p>Increased risk of umbilical cord prolapse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a mechanical method of cervical ripening?

<p>Laminiaria and Lamicel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended nursing care for a patient after insertion of a prostaglandin vaginal insert?

<p>Bed rest for 1-2 hours and monitoring for uterine contractions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following maternal medical conditions is NOT listed as a reason for labor induction?

<p>Hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of infusion during labor?

<p>To relieve variable decelerations of the fetal heart rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about external version is correct?

<p>It is done to change the fetal presentation from breech or oblique to cephalic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of giving Rhogam to an Rh-negative mother after an external version?

<p>To prevent sensitization to the fetal Rh-positive blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a nursing care responsibility during an external version?

<p>Administering tocolytic medication to the mother (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an internal version?

<p>To change the fetal presentation of the second twin during a vaginal birth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a nursing responsibility when monitoring a patient after an external version?

<p>Ensuring the mother's vital signs and fetal heart rate return to normal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performing a non-stress test or biophysical profile before an external version?

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of applying cold packs to the perineum after birth?

<p>To reduce pain, bruising, and edema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for using forceps or vacuum extraction during labor?

<p>To provide traction and rotation to the fetal head when the mother's pushing efforts are insufficient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of forceps or vacuum extraction during labor?

<p>The fetus is high in the pelvis or too large for a vaginal delivery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing care responsibility when a vacuum extractor is used during birth?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of applying warmth in the form of heat packs or sitz baths after the initial 12-24 hours of cold application to the perineum?

<p>To increase blood circulation and enhance comfort and healing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication associated with the use of forceps or vacuum extraction during birth?

<p>Trauma to maternal or fetal tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of a low transverse cesarean incision?

<p>It increases the likelihood of a successful vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) in future pregnancies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about postpartum nursing care after a cesarean birth is correct?

<p>The mother and her partner should be encouraged to talk about the cesarean birth experience. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following assessments should be performed every 15 minutes for the first hour and every 30 minutes for the second hour after a cesarean birth?

<p>Fundal assessment and clot formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended nursing intervention if non-reassuring fetal heart rate patterns or hypertonic uterine contractions occur during oxytocin (Pitocin) administration?

<p>Discontinue the oxytocin infusion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication of oxytocin (Pitocin) administration during labor?

<p>Uterine hypertonicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of closely monitoring the woman's intake and output during oxytocin (Pitocin) administration?

<p>To assess for signs of dehydration or fluid overload. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a nursing responsibility when monitoring a patient after an external version?

<p>Monitoring for signs of placental abruption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between episiotomy and lacerations?

<p>Episiotomy is a controlled surgical enlargement, while lacerations are uncontrolled tears. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which degree of laceration involves the anal sphincter?

<p>Third degree (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in healing outcomes between midline and mediolateral episiotomy?

<p>Midline episiotomy causes less scarring than mediolateral episiotomy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for performing an episiotomy?

<p>To control the amount and location of vaginal opening enlargement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which direction does mediolateral episiotomy extend towards?

<p>Towards the right or left side (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current goal for reducing cesarean sections in the United States, as outlined in Healthy People 2030?

<p>15% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as an indication for a cesarean birth?

<p>Placenta previa or abruptio placentae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for a cesarean birth?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential risk of cesarean birth for the newborn?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering a Foley catheter during a cesarean birth?

<p>To keep the bladder empty and prevent trauma to the bladder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected rate of cervical dilation during the active phase of labor for a woman who has had a child before?

<p>1.5 cm/hr (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is used as a guide to assess and manage the progress of cervical dilation and fetal descent during labor?

<p>Friedman curve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential problem that can result from prolonged labor, especially if the membranes have been ruptured for an extended period?

<p>Maternal or newborn infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the case of precipitate birth, what maternal injury should be observed and reported, which can improve with cold applications?

<p>Excessive pain or bruising of vulva (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for inducing labor if premature rupture of membranes occurs at 36 weeks of gestation or later?

<p>To minimize infection risk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if maternal temperature rises above 38°C (100.4°F) along with tenderness over the uterus in the context of premature rupture of membranes?

<p>Observe, document, and report the findings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of abnormal labor due to the occiput posterior position of the fetus?

<p>Uterine overdistention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why may women with a small pelvis have difficulty delivering infants in an occiput posterior position?

<p>Difficulty rotating and descending of the fetus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential problem associated with multifetal pregnancies during labor?

<p>Abnormal presentation of fetuses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most favorable type of pelvis for vaginal births?

<p>Gynecoid pelvis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can increase stress and contribute to dystocia during labor?

<p>Increasing anxiety levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of nursing care regarding a woman's psyche during childbirth?

<p>&quot;Promoting relaxation&quot; and conserving resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing care responsibility when managing a patient with uterine overdistention during labor?

<p>Provide emotional support and encourage the woman to continue her efforts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing intervention for a patient experiencing ineffective maternal pushing during labor?

<p>Provide coaching on effective pushing techniques (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing care responsibility when managing a patient with a macrosomic (large) fetus during labor?

<p>Monitor the mother and newborn for injuries after delivery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing intervention for a patient experiencing shoulder dystocia during labor?

<p>Apply firm downward pressure above the symphysis pubis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing care responsibility when managing a patient with a breech presentation during labor?

<p>Monitor the umbilical cord for compression and deliver the head quickly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing intervention for a patient experiencing ineffective uterine contractions during labor?

<p>Provide emotional support and encouragement to the woman (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of hypertonic labor?

<p>Frequent, painful, and poorly coordinated contractions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended nursing care for a woman experiencing hypertonic labor?

<p>Offer warm showers or baths to promote relaxation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does hypotonic labor typically occur?

<p>During the active phase, after 4 cm of cervical dilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor increases the likelihood of hypotonic labor?

<p>Overly distended uterus or multiple previous births (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing care responsibility for a woman experiencing hypotonic labor?

<p>Monitor fetal heart rate and uterine contractions closely (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about abnormalities in labor is correct?

<p>They may necessitate the use of forceps or cesarean delivery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of tocolytic therapy?

<p>To stop uterine contractions and prolong pregnancy until fetal lung maturity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is the drug of choice for tocolytic therapy?

<p>Magnesium sulfate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of magnesium sulfate therapy on the fetus?

<p>Low blood calcium and bone problems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Preterm Labor Assessment Tool (PLAT)?

<p>To determine the risk of preterm labor and the need for interventions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of impending preterm labor?

<p>Constant low back pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of monitoring fetal kick counts during preterm labor management?

<p>To assess fetal well-being and detect potential fetal distress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of using calcium channel blockers like nifedipine (Procardia) to stop labor contractions?

<p>Neonatal hypoglycemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of administering B-Adrenergic drugs like terbutaline to stop uterine contractions?

<p>Maternal nasal stuffiness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant cardiac side effect associated with B-Adrenergic drugs like terbutaline?

<p>Increased blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk of prolonged pregnancy related to the fetus?

<p>Low blood glucose levels after birth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should B-Adrenergic drugs like terbutaline be discontinued to prevent side effects in the newborn?

<p>2 hours prior to delivery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is contraindicated if magnesium sulfate is being used or uterine infection is suspected?

<p>Nifedipine (Procardia) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors like indomethacin stimulating the ductus arteriosus to close prematurely?

<p>Neonatal respiratory distress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is most commonly used to reduce amniotic fluid when polyhydramnios is an issue?

<p>Indomethacin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate method for speeding fetal lung maturity when the gestation is between 24 and 34 weeks?

<p>Administering steroid drugs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nursing care should be provided after delivery for a patient who received glucocorticoids like betamethasone for fetal lung maturity?

<p>Monitor maternal blood glucose levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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