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Questions and Answers
What is a primary factor that can limit plant growth indoors?
What is a primary factor that can limit plant growth indoors?
What is true about the light conditions in a typical home for houseplants?
What is true about the light conditions in a typical home for houseplants?
What is the key to successful indoor plant culture?
What is the key to successful indoor plant culture?
How often do most houseplants require attention once their basic needs are met?
How often do most houseplants require attention once their basic needs are met?
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What does the term 'houseplant' specifically refer to?
What does the term 'houseplant' specifically refer to?
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Which of the following is a requirement for caring for houseplants?
Which of the following is a requirement for caring for houseplants?
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Why do some plants not thrive in indoor environments?
Why do some plants not thrive in indoor environments?
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What should be monitored to maintain healthy houseplants?
What should be monitored to maintain healthy houseplants?
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What type of environment do understory plants thrive in?
What type of environment do understory plants thrive in?
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Which group of plants requires arid conditions to thrive?
Which group of plants requires arid conditions to thrive?
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What temperature conditions do tropical species prefer?
What temperature conditions do tropical species prefer?
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Which of the following is the best approach to ensure plants remain healthy?
Which of the following is the best approach to ensure plants remain healthy?
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How many American families reportedly use living plants in their home decor?
How many American families reportedly use living plants in their home decor?
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What type of light do plants from deserts require?
What type of light do plants from deserts require?
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What is a critical factor when choosing a location for a houseplant?
What is a critical factor when choosing a location for a houseplant?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding plant adaptation?
Which of the following statements is true regarding plant adaptation?
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What type of plants should be watered only minimally during the winter months?
What type of plants should be watered only minimally during the winter months?
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What is a consequence of highly organic soils when they dry out?
What is a consequence of highly organic soils when they dry out?
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How should soluble salts be managed in plant pots?
How should soluble salts be managed in plant pots?
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Which method is ineffective for increasing humidity around a plant?
Which method is ineffective for increasing humidity around a plant?
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For plants that require frequent watering, what should you consider doing?
For plants that require frequent watering, what should you consider doing?
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What should you do if the soil in a pot does not moisten after watering?
What should you do if the soil in a pot does not moisten after watering?
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What can be placed under a plant pot to help increase humidity?
What can be placed under a plant pot to help increase humidity?
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What is one effect of chlorine in tap water on plants?
What is one effect of chlorine in tap water on plants?
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What is a likely cause if a plant's leaves turn yellow and curl downward?
What is a likely cause if a plant's leaves turn yellow and curl downward?
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What corrective action should you take if a plant shows symptoms of sun scorch?
What corrective action should you take if a plant shows symptoms of sun scorch?
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If a plant develops spindly stems and undersized leaves, what is the suggested action?
If a plant develops spindly stems and undersized leaves, what is the suggested action?
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What is an appropriate treatment for a plant suffering from salt buildup in the soil?
What is an appropriate treatment for a plant suffering from salt buildup in the soil?
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What should be done to prevent white crust forming on the rim and sides of porous pots?
What should be done to prevent white crust forming on the rim and sides of porous pots?
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What is a possible cause of dark brown spots around the leaf margins of tropical foliage plants?
What is a possible cause of dark brown spots around the leaf margins of tropical foliage plants?
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What is the best practice for watering hairy-leafed plants like African violets to prevent damage?
What is the best practice for watering hairy-leafed plants like African violets to prevent damage?
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What indicates that a plant may be wilting due to insufficient watering rather than moisture in the soil?
What indicates that a plant may be wilting due to insufficient watering rather than moisture in the soil?
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What is the recommended frequency for the application of pesticides for optimal plant health?
What is the recommended frequency for the application of pesticides for optimal plant health?
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What should be done to the root system of a new plant during potting?
What should be done to the root system of a new plant during potting?
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How should you fill the pot with potting soil after placing the plant?
How should you fill the pot with potting soil after placing the plant?
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What should be done after potting or repotting plants to ensure the soil is saturated?
What should be done after potting or repotting plants to ensure the soil is saturated?
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What is a common problem when pressing or tamping down the soil too hard in a pot?
What is a common problem when pressing or tamping down the soil too hard in a pot?
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What environmental condition should be avoided for repotted plants until new roots grow?
What environmental condition should be avoided for repotted plants until new roots grow?
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Which of the following is NOT typically a problem for plants grown in typical indoor environments?
Which of the following is NOT typically a problem for plants grown in typical indoor environments?
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How can the humidity around a repotted plant be increased to aid its reestablishment?
How can the humidity around a repotted plant be increased to aid its reestablishment?
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Humidity is generally lower in kitchens and bathrooms compared to living rooms.
Humidity is generally lower in kitchens and bathrooms compared to living rooms.
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Moving a plant closer to a window will increase the light intensity it receives.
Moving a plant closer to a window will increase the light intensity it receives.
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Houseplants can thrive in any home given proper management of their environmental conditions.
Houseplants can thrive in any home given proper management of their environmental conditions.
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Houseplants typically require fewer nutrients than outdoor plants.
Houseplants typically require fewer nutrients than outdoor plants.
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Artificial light can be provided to houseplants that require more light than their environment offers.
Artificial light can be provided to houseplants that require more light than their environment offers.
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Moving a plant to a room with a northern exposure will typically increase its light exposure.
Moving a plant to a room with a northern exposure will typically increase its light exposure.
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Most houseplants do well in light intensities as low as 11 foot-candles.
Most houseplants do well in light intensities as low as 11 foot-candles.
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The overall climate indoors can vary from humid sub-tropical to arid desert.
The overall climate indoors can vary from humid sub-tropical to arid desert.
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Grouping plants together in the same room decreases the relative humidity for all.
Grouping plants together in the same room decreases the relative humidity for all.
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Damp sphagnum moss can help draw up excess water and dispose of it in planters.
Damp sphagnum moss can help draw up excess water and dispose of it in planters.
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Using a humidifier can effectively raise humidity levels that plants prefer.
Using a humidifier can effectively raise humidity levels that plants prefer.
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Plants that prefer humid climates should be watered on a strict schedule.
Plants that prefer humid climates should be watered on a strict schedule.
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Evaporating water from gravel trays does not affect the air humidity around plants.
Evaporating water from gravel trays does not affect the air humidity around plants.
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Plants generally transpire less moisture in a humid environment compared to arid conditions.
Plants generally transpire less moisture in a humid environment compared to arid conditions.
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Having a drainage hole in plant containers is essential for preventing excess water buildup.
Having a drainage hole in plant containers is essential for preventing excess water buildup.
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Ferns and ivies may thrive better in drier areas such as living rooms.
Ferns and ivies may thrive better in drier areas such as living rooms.
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Misting plants significantly increases humidity around them.
Misting plants significantly increases humidity around them.
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Desert cacti and succulents should be watered frequently during the winter months.
Desert cacti and succulents should be watered frequently during the winter months.
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Highly organic soils can be difficult to rewet once they dry out.
Highly organic soils can be difficult to rewet once they dry out.
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Soluble salts in plant pots should be flushed out every three months.
Soluble salts in plant pots should be flushed out every three months.
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Plants require more water during mid-November to mid-March.
Plants require more water during mid-November to mid-March.
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Using a layer of moist gravel or pebbles can help increase humidity around a plant.
Using a layer of moist gravel or pebbles can help increase humidity around a plant.
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Chlorine in tap water can harm plants.
Chlorine in tap water can harm plants.
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Submerging a pot in water is a method to ensure the soil is fully moistened.
Submerging a pot in water is a method to ensure the soil is fully moistened.
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Plants grown in greenhouses are immune to disease problems.
Plants grown in greenhouses are immune to disease problems.
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A consistent application of pesticide is recommended every five to seven days for effective pest management.
A consistent application of pesticide is recommended every five to seven days for effective pest management.
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It is acceptable to bend or wind roots into the pot during potting.
It is acceptable to bend or wind roots into the pot during potting.
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Filling the pot to the brim with water after potting helps ensure the soil is saturated.
Filling the pot to the brim with water after potting helps ensure the soil is saturated.
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Thumping the bottom of a pot on a potting bench can aid in settling the soil.
Thumping the bottom of a pot on a potting bench can aid in settling the soil.
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Powdery mildew is a common problem for all types of indoor plants.
Powdery mildew is a common problem for all types of indoor plants.
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After extensive root pruning, plants should be placed in strong light immediately.
After extensive root pruning, plants should be placed in strong light immediately.
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Repotting often involves removing some of the old soil from the root ball.
Repotting often involves removing some of the old soil from the root ball.
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Aphids are large insects that can be found on plants and are known for their damaging feeding behavior.
Aphids are large insects that can be found on plants and are known for their damaging feeding behavior.
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Mealybugs can attack all parts of a plant and appear powdery.
Mealybugs can attack all parts of a plant and appear powdery.
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The honeydew produced by aphids is a beneficial substance for plants.
The honeydew produced by aphids is a beneficial substance for plants.
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Heavy infestations of aphids can damage or even kill plants.
Heavy infestations of aphids can damage or even kill plants.
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Chemical control is usually effective against adult aphids.
Chemical control is usually effective against adult aphids.
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Container plants usually revert to unhealthy growth if they receive the wrong environmental conditions.
Container plants usually revert to unhealthy growth if they receive the wrong environmental conditions.
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Females of mealybugs possess a single pair of wings.
Females of mealybugs possess a single pair of wings.
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The crawler stage of aphids is the most difficult to manage with chemical sprays.
The crawler stage of aphids is the most difficult to manage with chemical sprays.
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To establish plants in decorative containers without ______ holes, pot the plants in draining pots.
To establish plants in decorative containers without ______ holes, pot the plants in draining pots.
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Small, rapidly growing plants may require repotting into larger containers every ______ to four months.
Small, rapidly growing plants may require repotting into larger containers every ______ to four months.
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Soil in ______ pots dries more rapidly and requires more frequent watering than that in plastic pots.
Soil in ______ pots dries more rapidly and requires more frequent watering than that in plastic pots.
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When transplanting, consider size and condition of the plant, type of container, and type and amount of ______ mixture.
When transplanting, consider size and condition of the plant, type of container, and type and amount of ______ mixture.
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Adjust container size to manage ______ schedules.
Adjust container size to manage ______ schedules.
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Any plant that already is established in a container can be ______.
Any plant that already is established in a container can be ______.
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Packing ______ moss around the sides of pots helps support them and evaporate excess water.
Packing ______ moss around the sides of pots helps support them and evaporate excess water.
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Keep a plant in the ______ container needed for its current stage of development.
Keep a plant in the ______ container needed for its current stage of development.
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The young scales are even smaller and milky white, with the adults being quite small, ranging from one-sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch in ______.
The young scales are even smaller and milky white, with the adults being quite small, ranging from one-sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch in ______.
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Many scales are shaped somewhat like a ball and may be white, black, brown, gray, or ______.
Many scales are shaped somewhat like a ball and may be white, black, brown, gray, or ______.
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The scale actually is a hard or soft covering that protects the ______.
The scale actually is a hard or soft covering that protects the ______.
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Routine precautions will help you avoid unhappy encounters with houseplant ______.
Routine precautions will help you avoid unhappy encounters with houseplant ______.
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Using soapy water gives good control if done ______.
Using soapy water gives good control if done ______.
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Damage by scales is similar to that from aphids and ______.
Damage by scales is similar to that from aphids and ______.
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Honeydew and sooty mold are often present due to these pests, leading to severe plant injury or ______.
Honeydew and sooty mold are often present due to these pests, leading to severe plant injury or ______.
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Good screen windows keep out most flying ______ such as moths and beetles.
Good screen windows keep out most flying ______ such as moths and beetles.
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Leafminers belong to various insect groups including fly, sawfly, and ______ groups.
Leafminers belong to various insect groups including fly, sawfly, and ______ groups.
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Putting houseplants outdoors in the summer can invite a whole series of ______ problems.
Putting houseplants outdoors in the summer can invite a whole series of ______ problems.
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Leafhoppers are small to moderate-sized sucking pests related to ______.
Leafhoppers are small to moderate-sized sucking pests related to ______.
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Cotton swabs dipped in rubbing ______ are effective in controlling aphids and mealybugs.
Cotton swabs dipped in rubbing ______ are effective in controlling aphids and mealybugs.
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Using soil from outdoors might bring in uninvited members of the soil fauna such as mites and ______ eggs.
Using soil from outdoors might bring in uninvited members of the soil fauna such as mites and ______ eggs.
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Most orchids grown as houseplants are ______, meaning that they typically grow attached to the trunks and limbs of tropical plants.
Most orchids grown as houseplants are ______, meaning that they typically grow attached to the trunks and limbs of tropical plants.
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The twisted, curled, and brittle leaves are signs of damage from ______.
The twisted, curled, and brittle leaves are signs of damage from ______.
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Commercially prepared potting soil might be a better ______.
Commercially prepared potting soil might be a better ______.
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A good potting mix should contain sufficient mineral nutrients to supply a large part of the plants' ______.
A good potting mix should contain sufficient mineral nutrients to supply a large part of the plants' ______.
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Orchid planting mix should be composed of relatively large ______ to allow for air movement into and through the medium.
Orchid planting mix should be composed of relatively large ______ to allow for air movement into and through the medium.
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Isolate new plants for a week or two in a separate room or ______.
Isolate new plants for a week or two in a separate room or ______.
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The general mixture for potting usually includes one part garden soil, one part washed builder's sand or perlite, and one part horticultural ______.
The general mixture for potting usually includes one part garden soil, one part washed builder's sand or perlite, and one part horticultural ______.
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Seedlings are most susceptible to attack by soilborne disease during their first ______ weeks of growth.
Seedlings are most susceptible to attack by soilborne disease during their first ______ weeks of growth.
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To prevent damping-off disease on seedlings, it may help to ______ the soil used for seedling production.
To prevent damping-off disease on seedlings, it may help to ______ the soil used for seedling production.
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The easiest method of heat-treating soil is by ______ it in an oven.
The easiest method of heat-treating soil is by ______ it in an oven.
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Damage from these insects appears as a winding, discolored trail or an ________ within leaf tissue.
Damage from these insects appears as a winding, discolored trail or an ________ within leaf tissue.
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Mix all ingredients thoroughly by shoveling them from one pile to another at least ______ times.
Mix all ingredients thoroughly by shoveling them from one pile to another at least ______ times.
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Springtails are small and can often be found in highly ________ soils.
Springtails are small and can often be found in highly ________ soils.
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Fungus gnats are small, black flies that are primarily noticed around ________.
Fungus gnats are small, black flies that are primarily noticed around ________.
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Slugs and snails are related to ________ and can be very destructive to various plants.
Slugs and snails are related to ________ and can be very destructive to various plants.
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Caterpillars may have stripes, spines, or bumps in any combination according to ________.
Caterpillars may have stripes, spines, or bumps in any combination according to ________.
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The larvae of many moths and some butterflies feed on houseplants and prefer a ________ environment.
The larvae of many moths and some butterflies feed on houseplants and prefer a ________ environment.
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The presence of slugs and snails is marked by the ________ they leave behind.
The presence of slugs and snails is marked by the ________ they leave behind.
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Springtails can become a nuisance when they are found in ________ numbers.
Springtails can become a nuisance when they are found in ________ numbers.
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Study Notes
Indoor Plants
- More than 75% of American homes use indoor plants
- The right combination of light, temperature, humidity, water and nutrients results in healthy plants, too much or too little will affect plant health or cause death
- Plants should be situated in an environment that mimics their natural habitat
- Plants need a minimum amount of care each week
- The most common challenge for indoor plants is lack of light
- Humidity is important for plant health
- Plants should be watered in the mornings or afternoons to allow excess water to evaporate
- It is best to use room temperature or lukewarm water to water plants
- Indoor plants are rarely affected by diseases but those in greenhouses are more susceptible
- Some plants like cacti and succulents do not need water during the winter months and should be kept dry and cool
- To prevent root rot, a plant container should always be filled with growing medium to the bottom
- Pruning roots to fit when repotting a plant will improve root growth
Repotting
- When repotting a plant, gently remove the old soil ball and break away some of the soil.
- Trim the root system if necessary to fit the new pot.
- Do not bend or wind roots into the pot
- Place the plant in the middle of the pot and fill around it with potting soil.
- Keep the plant away from strong light or heat after significant root pruning.
- To promote root growth, try to increase humidity around the plant.
### Propagation
- Many houseplants can be propagated from cuttings.
- Kentucky Cooperative Extension publication Propagating Plants in and around the Home (HO-67) explains how to propagate plants.
Indoor Plant Management
- Humidity: Kitchens and bathrooms are usually more humid than living rooms. Ferns, ivies, and other humid-climate plants may grow best in these areas.
- Increasing Humidity: Place the plant's pot on a shallow tray of moist gravel. Pack damp sphagnum moss between pots in planters. Group plants together in the same room. Use a humidifier.
- Light Intensity: Plants need adequate light for photosynthesis. Moving a plant closer to a light source increases light intensity. Increase light intensity by moving the plant to a lighter room (e.g., southern exposure), placing it near an electric light, providing separate artificial light, reflecting light with a light-colored wall or mirror, and keeping leaves clean.
- Watering: Use a well-prepared potting soil to ensure good water retention and air space. Water enough to run out the drainage hole, replicating the soil's water supply. Do not let pots sit in excess water. Allow the soil to dry on the surface before watering again. Water plants with larger pots less frequently.
- Repotting: Gently remove the plant from the pot, crumbling some of the old soil ball away. Trim the root system to fit the pot. Place the plant in the center of the new container and fill around it with potting soil. Avoid pressing or tamping the soil down too hard. Fill the pot to approximately one-half inch from the top. Water the plant immediately after potting or repotting, ensuring the water runs out the drainage hole.
Indoor Plant Pests
- Aphids: Tiny insects, ranging from one-sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch long, with sucking mouthparts that extract plant juices. They can rapidly multiply and damage leaves, causing them to lose their green color and become stunted, distorted, or curled.
- Scale: Armored insects that attach themselves to plants, appearing as bumps or scales. Chemical control of adults is often ineffective.
- Mealybugs: Small, flat, slender insects, about three-sixteenths of an inch long. They are powdery in appearance and move slowly on plants. They attack all plant parts.
Repotting and Potting
- Repotting plants is essential for healthy growth, especially for fast-growing plants
- Small plants need repotting every 3-4 months, while mature plants can be repotted annually
- Repotting might be needed if a plant isn't thriving
- Repotting involves considering the plant's size, health, container size, soil type, and potential plant damage
- Smaller containers are better for plant growth, as they help conserve space, reduce overwatering, and promote gradual growth
Choosing a Potting Mix
- Good potting soil often has a 1:1:1 ratio of garden soil, coarse sand/perlite/pumice, and horticultural peat moss
- This mix can be modified with additional coarse mineral material or peat moss based on the plant's requirements
Orchid Potting Mix
- Orchids, being epiphytes, require a mix with larger particles for good air circulation
- Terrestrial orchids can thrive in a general potting mix or a high-organic mix
Sterilizing Soil
- Sterilizing soil is typically unnecessary, as garden soil contains beneficial organisms.
- Sterilization might be necessary for seedling production to prevent damping-off disease
Scale Insects
- These small insects can be white, black, brown, gray, or tan
- They attach rigidly to plants and resemble balls or have unique shapes like oyster shells or turtle shells
- Damage is similar to that of aphids and whiteflies, leading to honeydew and sooty mold
- Severe infestation can cause plant death
Leafminers
- Different insects can cause leafminer damage, with larvae creating winding trails or blotches within leaf tissue
- Damage is generally unsightly but rarely serious
Fungus Gnats
- These small, black flies are often found around windows
- Their larvae mainly feed on decaying matter in soil, usually not causing significant root damage
- They are mostly annoying, not seriously harmful
Caterpillars
- The larvae of moths and some butterflies can feed on houseplants
- They vary in size and color, and can have stripes, spines, or bumps
- They cause damage by feeding on leaves, buds, and flowers
Leafhoppers
- Small, wedge-shaped insects that are occasionally pests of houseplants
- They cause mottling or speckling of leaves, resembling mite damage
Springtails
- Small, wingless insects that can jump
- They feed on decaying matter and may occasionally chew on seedlings or tender plant parts
Slugs and Snails
- Soft-bodied, fleshy creatures that can be destructive to plants
- They thrive in moist environments and can be introduced when plants are moved outdoors
- They leave slime trails and lay small, white eggs in the soil
Preventing Pest Problems
- Inspect plants carefully when purchasing, and isolate new plants for two weeks
- Monitor plants regularly for signs of pest infestation
- Avoid putting plants outdoors in the summer, as this can introduce pests
- Use commercially prepared potting soil instead of soil from outdoors
Pest Control Methods
- Hand Picking: This method is effective for small infestations, especially at night
- Swabbing with Alcohol: Effective for aphids and mealybugs on small infestations
- Soapy Water: Use insecticidal soap registered for houseplants, but test on a small area first
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Description
Test your knowledge on the care and maintenance of indoor plants. This quiz covers essential topics including light requirements, watering schedules, and the environmental needs of various plants. Perfect for both beginners and seasoned plant enthusiasts.
