Indoor Plants Care and Maintenance Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary factor that can limit plant growth indoors?

  • Lack of humidity
  • Excessive watering
  • Insufficient light (correct)
  • Poor soil quality

What is true about the light conditions in a typical home for houseplants?

  • Light intensity decreases quickly as it enters a home. (correct)
  • Only artificial light is suitable for indoor plants.
  • All houseplants receive the same amount of light.
  • Plants do not require any light to thrive indoors.

What is the key to successful indoor plant culture?

  • Selecting plants adaptable to indoor conditions (correct)
  • Using only artificial lights for optimal growth
  • Requiring high levels of humidity at all times
  • Constantly changing the plants' environment

How often do most houseplants require attention once their basic needs are met?

<p>A few minutes each week (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'houseplant' specifically refer to?

<p>Outdoor plants that can be grown indoors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a requirement for caring for houseplants?

<p>Ensuring appropriate environmental conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do some plants not thrive in indoor environments?

<p>Their growth requirements cannot be duplicated indoors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored to maintain healthy houseplants?

<p>Environmental factors such as humidity and light (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of environment do understory plants thrive in?

<p>Diffuse light and humid conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of plants requires arid conditions to thrive?

<p>Desert species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What temperature conditions do tropical species prefer?

<p>Warm temperatures at all times (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best approach to ensure plants remain healthy?

<p>Control environmental factors and provide appropriate conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many American families reportedly use living plants in their home decor?

<p>75 percent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of light do plants from deserts require?

<p>Strong light (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor when choosing a location for a houseplant?

<p>Combination of environmental factors suited to the plant needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding plant adaptation?

<p>Plants need an environment similar to where they typically grow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of plants should be watered only minimally during the winter months?

<p>Desert cacti and succulents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of highly organic soils when they dry out?

<p>They shrink away from container sides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should soluble salts be managed in plant pots?

<p>By flushing every six months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is ineffective for increasing humidity around a plant?

<p>Misting the leaves regularly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For plants that require frequent watering, what should you consider doing?

<p>Transfer them into slightly larger pots (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if the soil in a pot does not moisten after watering?

<p>Submerge the entire pot in water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be placed under a plant pot to help increase humidity?

<p>A tray of moist gravel or pebbles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of chlorine in tap water on plants?

<p>It does not harm plants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely cause if a plant's leaves turn yellow and curl downward?

<p>Too much heat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What corrective action should you take if a plant shows symptoms of sun scorch?

<p>Shade the plant or gradually expose it to sunlight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a plant develops spindly stems and undersized leaves, what is the suggested action?

<p>Move it closer to a light source (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate treatment for a plant suffering from salt buildup in the soil?

<p>Leach the soil with water at intervals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to prevent white crust forming on the rim and sides of porous pots?

<p>Wash excess salts off the pot with clear water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of dark brown spots around the leaf margins of tropical foliage plants?

<p>Gas leaks or incomplete burning of gas flame (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best practice for watering hairy-leafed plants like African violets to prevent damage?

<p>Use room-temperature or lukewarm water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that a plant may be wilting due to insufficient watering rather than moisture in the soil?

<p>Plants wilt even if soil is moist (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency for the application of pesticides for optimal plant health?

<p>Every five to seven days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to the root system of a new plant during potting?

<p>Trim the root system if necessary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should you fill the pot with potting soil after placing the plant?

<p>Fill to approximately one-half inch from the top (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done after potting or repotting plants to ensure the soil is saturated?

<p>Add water until it drains from the bottom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common problem when pressing or tamping down the soil too hard in a pot?

<p>It can eliminate air space and cause drainage problems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental condition should be avoided for repotted plants until new roots grow?

<p>Strong light or heat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically a problem for plants grown in typical indoor environments?

<p>Diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the humidity around a repotted plant be increased to aid its reestablishment?

<p>Use a humidifier or mist the plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Humidity is generally lower in kitchens and bathrooms compared to living rooms.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Moving a plant closer to a window will increase the light intensity it receives.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Houseplants can thrive in any home given proper management of their environmental conditions.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Houseplants typically require fewer nutrients than outdoor plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Artificial light can be provided to houseplants that require more light than their environment offers.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Moving a plant to a room with a northern exposure will typically increase its light exposure.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most houseplants do well in light intensities as low as 11 foot-candles.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The overall climate indoors can vary from humid sub-tropical to arid desert.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Grouping plants together in the same room decreases the relative humidity for all.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Damp sphagnum moss can help draw up excess water and dispose of it in planters.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using a humidifier can effectively raise humidity levels that plants prefer.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants that prefer humid climates should be watered on a strict schedule.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Evaporating water from gravel trays does not affect the air humidity around plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants generally transpire less moisture in a humid environment compared to arid conditions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Having a drainage hole in plant containers is essential for preventing excess water buildup.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ferns and ivies may thrive better in drier areas such as living rooms.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Misting plants significantly increases humidity around them.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Desert cacti and succulents should be watered frequently during the winter months.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Highly organic soils can be difficult to rewet once they dry out.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Soluble salts in plant pots should be flushed out every three months.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants require more water during mid-November to mid-March.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using a layer of moist gravel or pebbles can help increase humidity around a plant.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chlorine in tap water can harm plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Submerging a pot in water is a method to ensure the soil is fully moistened.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants grown in greenhouses are immune to disease problems.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A consistent application of pesticide is recommended every five to seven days for effective pest management.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is acceptable to bend or wind roots into the pot during potting.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Filling the pot to the brim with water after potting helps ensure the soil is saturated.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thumping the bottom of a pot on a potting bench can aid in settling the soil.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Powdery mildew is a common problem for all types of indoor plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After extensive root pruning, plants should be placed in strong light immediately.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Repotting often involves removing some of the old soil from the root ball.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aphids are large insects that can be found on plants and are known for their damaging feeding behavior.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mealybugs can attack all parts of a plant and appear powdery.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The honeydew produced by aphids is a beneficial substance for plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Heavy infestations of aphids can damage or even kill plants.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chemical control is usually effective against adult aphids.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Container plants usually revert to unhealthy growth if they receive the wrong environmental conditions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Females of mealybugs possess a single pair of wings.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The crawler stage of aphids is the most difficult to manage with chemical sprays.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To establish plants in decorative containers without ______ holes, pot the plants in draining pots.

<p>drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Small, rapidly growing plants may require repotting into larger containers every ______ to four months.

<p>three</p> Signup and view all the answers

Soil in ______ pots dries more rapidly and requires more frequent watering than that in plastic pots.

<p>clay</p> Signup and view all the answers

When transplanting, consider size and condition of the plant, type of container, and type and amount of ______ mixture.

<p>soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adjust container size to manage ______ schedules.

<p>irrigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Any plant that already is established in a container can be ______.

<p>repotted</p> Signup and view all the answers

Packing ______ moss around the sides of pots helps support them and evaporate excess water.

<p>sphagnum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Keep a plant in the ______ container needed for its current stage of development.

<p>smallest</p> Signup and view all the answers

The young scales are even smaller and milky white, with the adults being quite small, ranging from one-sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch in ______.

<p>diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

Many scales are shaped somewhat like a ball and may be white, black, brown, gray, or ______.

<p>tan</p> Signup and view all the answers

The scale actually is a hard or soft covering that protects the ______.

<p>insect</p> Signup and view all the answers

Routine precautions will help you avoid unhappy encounters with houseplant ______.

<p>pests</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using soapy water gives good control if done ______.

<p>correctly</p> Signup and view all the answers

Damage by scales is similar to that from aphids and ______.

<p>whiteflies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Honeydew and sooty mold are often present due to these pests, leading to severe plant injury or ______.

<p>death</p> Signup and view all the answers

Good screen windows keep out most flying ______ such as moths and beetles.

<p>insects</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leafminers belong to various insect groups including fly, sawfly, and ______ groups.

<p>moth/butterfly</p> Signup and view all the answers

Putting houseplants outdoors in the summer can invite a whole series of ______ problems.

<p>pest</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leafhoppers are small to moderate-sized sucking pests related to ______.

<p>aphids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cotton swabs dipped in rubbing ______ are effective in controlling aphids and mealybugs.

<p>alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using soil from outdoors might bring in uninvited members of the soil fauna such as mites and ______ eggs.

<p>slug</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most orchids grown as houseplants are ______, meaning that they typically grow attached to the trunks and limbs of tropical plants.

<p>epiphytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

The twisted, curled, and brittle leaves are signs of damage from ______.

<p>scales</p> Signup and view all the answers

Commercially prepared potting soil might be a better ______.

<p>choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

A good potting mix should contain sufficient mineral nutrients to supply a large part of the plants' ______.

<p>needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Orchid planting mix should be composed of relatively large ______ to allow for air movement into and through the medium.

<p>particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Isolate new plants for a week or two in a separate room or ______.

<p>garage</p> Signup and view all the answers

The general mixture for potting usually includes one part garden soil, one part washed builder's sand or perlite, and one part horticultural ______.

<p>peat moss</p> Signup and view all the answers

Seedlings are most susceptible to attack by soilborne disease during their first ______ weeks of growth.

<p>two</p> Signup and view all the answers

To prevent damping-off disease on seedlings, it may help to ______ the soil used for seedling production.

<p>heat-treat</p> Signup and view all the answers

The easiest method of heat-treating soil is by ______ it in an oven.

<p>baking</p> Signup and view all the answers

Damage from these insects appears as a winding, discolored trail or an ________ within leaf tissue.

<p>irregular blotch</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mix all ingredients thoroughly by shoveling them from one pile to another at least ______ times.

<p>three</p> Signup and view all the answers

Springtails are small and can often be found in highly ________ soils.

<p>organic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fungus gnats are small, black flies that are primarily noticed around ________.

<p>windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

Slugs and snails are related to ________ and can be very destructive to various plants.

<p>clams</p> Signup and view all the answers

Caterpillars may have stripes, spines, or bumps in any combination according to ________.

<p>species</p> Signup and view all the answers

The larvae of many moths and some butterflies feed on houseplants and prefer a ________ environment.

<p>moist</p> Signup and view all the answers

The presence of slugs and snails is marked by the ________ they leave behind.

<p>slime trails</p> Signup and view all the answers

Springtails can become a nuisance when they are found in ________ numbers.

<p>numerous</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Indoor Plants

  • More than 75% of American homes use indoor plants
  • The right combination of light, temperature, humidity, water and nutrients results in healthy plants, too much or too little will affect plant health or cause death
  • Plants should be situated in an environment that mimics their natural habitat
  • Plants need a minimum amount of care each week
  • The most common challenge for indoor plants is lack of light
  • Humidity is important for plant health
  • Plants should be watered in the mornings or afternoons to allow excess water to evaporate
  • It is best to use room temperature or lukewarm water to water plants
  • Indoor plants are rarely affected by diseases but those in greenhouses are more susceptible
  • Some plants like cacti and succulents do not need water during the winter months and should be kept dry and cool
  • To prevent root rot, a plant container should always be filled with growing medium to the bottom
  • Pruning roots to fit when repotting a plant will improve root growth

Repotting

  • When repotting a plant, gently remove the old soil ball and break away some of the soil.
  • Trim the root system if necessary to fit the new pot.
  • Do not bend or wind roots into the pot
  • Place the plant in the middle of the pot and fill around it with potting soil.
  • Keep the plant away from strong light or heat after significant root pruning.
  • To promote root growth, try to increase humidity around the plant.

### Propagation

  • Many houseplants can be propagated from cuttings.
  • Kentucky Cooperative Extension publication Propagating Plants in and around the Home (HO-67) explains how to propagate plants.

Indoor Plant Management

  • Humidity: Kitchens and bathrooms are usually more humid than living rooms. Ferns, ivies, and other humid-climate plants may grow best in these areas.
  • Increasing Humidity: Place the plant's pot on a shallow tray of moist gravel. Pack damp sphagnum moss between pots in planters. Group plants together in the same room. Use a humidifier.
  • Light Intensity: Plants need adequate light for photosynthesis. Moving a plant closer to a light source increases light intensity. Increase light intensity by moving the plant to a lighter room (e.g., southern exposure), placing it near an electric light, providing separate artificial light, reflecting light with a light-colored wall or mirror, and keeping leaves clean.
  • Watering: Use a well-prepared potting soil to ensure good water retention and air space. Water enough to run out the drainage hole, replicating the soil's water supply. Do not let pots sit in excess water. Allow the soil to dry on the surface before watering again. Water plants with larger pots less frequently.
  • Repotting: Gently remove the plant from the pot, crumbling some of the old soil ball away. Trim the root system to fit the pot. Place the plant in the center of the new container and fill around it with potting soil. Avoid pressing or tamping the soil down too hard. Fill the pot to approximately one-half inch from the top. Water the plant immediately after potting or repotting, ensuring the water runs out the drainage hole.

Indoor Plant Pests

  • Aphids: Tiny insects, ranging from one-sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch long, with sucking mouthparts that extract plant juices. They can rapidly multiply and damage leaves, causing them to lose their green color and become stunted, distorted, or curled.
  • Scale: Armored insects that attach themselves to plants, appearing as bumps or scales. Chemical control of adults is often ineffective.
  • Mealybugs: Small, flat, slender insects, about three-sixteenths of an inch long. They are powdery in appearance and move slowly on plants. They attack all plant parts.

Repotting and Potting

  • Repotting plants is essential for healthy growth, especially for fast-growing plants
  • Small plants need repotting every 3-4 months, while mature plants can be repotted annually
  • Repotting might be needed if a plant isn't thriving
  • Repotting involves considering the plant's size, health, container size, soil type, and potential plant damage
  • Smaller containers are better for plant growth, as they help conserve space, reduce overwatering, and promote gradual growth

Choosing a Potting Mix

  • Good potting soil often has a 1:1:1 ratio of garden soil, coarse sand/perlite/pumice, and horticultural peat moss
  • This mix can be modified with additional coarse mineral material or peat moss based on the plant's requirements

Orchid Potting Mix

  • Orchids, being epiphytes, require a mix with larger particles for good air circulation
  • Terrestrial orchids can thrive in a general potting mix or a high-organic mix

Sterilizing Soil

  • Sterilizing soil is typically unnecessary, as garden soil contains beneficial organisms.
  • Sterilization might be necessary for seedling production to prevent damping-off disease

Scale Insects

  • These small insects can be white, black, brown, gray, or tan
  • They attach rigidly to plants and resemble balls or have unique shapes like oyster shells or turtle shells
  • Damage is similar to that of aphids and whiteflies, leading to honeydew and sooty mold
  • Severe infestation can cause plant death

Leafminers

  • Different insects can cause leafminer damage, with larvae creating winding trails or blotches within leaf tissue
  • Damage is generally unsightly but rarely serious

Fungus Gnats

  • These small, black flies are often found around windows
  • Their larvae mainly feed on decaying matter in soil, usually not causing significant root damage
  • They are mostly annoying, not seriously harmful

Caterpillars

  • The larvae of moths and some butterflies can feed on houseplants
  • They vary in size and color, and can have stripes, spines, or bumps
  • They cause damage by feeding on leaves, buds, and flowers

Leafhoppers

  • Small, wedge-shaped insects that are occasionally pests of houseplants
  • They cause mottling or speckling of leaves, resembling mite damage

Springtails

  • Small, wingless insects that can jump
  • They feed on decaying matter and may occasionally chew on seedlings or tender plant parts

Slugs and Snails

  • Soft-bodied, fleshy creatures that can be destructive to plants
  • They thrive in moist environments and can be introduced when plants are moved outdoors
  • They leave slime trails and lay small, white eggs in the soil

Preventing Pest Problems

  • Inspect plants carefully when purchasing, and isolate new plants for two weeks
  • Monitor plants regularly for signs of pest infestation
  • Avoid putting plants outdoors in the summer, as this can introduce pests
  • Use commercially prepared potting soil instead of soil from outdoors
Pest Control Methods
  • Hand Picking: This method is effective for small infestations, especially at night
  • Swabbing with Alcohol: Effective for aphids and mealybugs on small infestations
  • Soapy Water: Use insecticidal soap registered for houseplants, but test on a small area first

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