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Questions and Answers
What type of democracy did Indonesia experience under President Sukarno from 1959-1965?
What was the main characteristic of the democracy under President Suharto from 1966 to 1998?
Which term was used by President Sukarno to mock Western democratic practices such as voting?
What was the name given to the period of Parliamentary democracy by most in the Indonesian political community and commentators?
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What was the dominant role of civilians in the Indonesian political system?
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What was the main emphasis of guided democracy as compared to liberal democracy?
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What event marked the end of constitutional democracy and the beginning of Guided Democracy in Indonesian political history?
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What led to the downfall of President Sukarno and his guided democracy?
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What was the economic situation in Indonesia that followed the implementation of guided democracy?
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What principles guide Pancasila democracy?
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Study Notes
Democracy in Indonesia
- From 1959-1965, Indonesia experienced Guided Democracy under President Sukarno.
- From 1966 to 1998, Indonesia experienced an authoritarian system under President Suharto, characterized by a dominant role of the military in the political system.
Guided Democracy
- Guided Democracy was mocked as "Demokrasi Terpimpin" by President Sukarno, targeting Western democratic practices such as voting.
- The period of Parliamentary democracy was referred to as the "Liberal Democracy Era" by most in the Indonesian political community and commentators.
- In Guided Democracy, civilians played a minimal role in the political system, with the dominant role belonging to the military and President Sukarno.
Characteristics of Guided Democracy
- Guided Democracy emphasized social and economic development over individual rights and freedoms, in contrast to liberal democracy's emphasis on individual rights and freedoms.
Key Events in Indonesian Political History
- The dissolution of the Constituent Assembly in 1959 marked the end of constitutional democracy and the beginning of Guided Democracy in Indonesian political history.
- President Sukarno's downfall and the end of Guided Democracy were caused by economic stagnation, widespread corruption, and a series of military coups.
Economic Situation in Indonesia
- Following the implementation of Guided Democracy, Indonesia's economy suffered from stagnation, corruption, and mismanagement.
Pancasila Democracy
- Pancasila Democracy is guided by the principles of belief in one God, humanitarianism, nationalism, democracy, and social justice.
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Description
Explore Indonesia's historical experience with three types of democracy, including the failed attempts at parliamentary democracy and the transition to guided democracy under President Sukarno. Learn about the challenges and issues faced by Indonesia on its democratic journey.
