Indigenous Treatment and Colonization in Canada

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Questions and Answers

Why did the Natives feel compelled to sign treaties despite potential risks?

They had no other negotiating options available

The government warned that refusal could lead to losing everything (correct)

They were forced by military presence

They had been promised land outside of reserves

What was one of the core reasons the treaties were considered sacred by aboriginal peoples?

They involved legal representatives from both sides

They were based on people's honor through oral traditions (correct)

They were documented with detailed written contracts

They were celebrated with ceremonies in public

What significant consequence did signing Treaty No. 6 have on the aboriginal population?

Richer agricultural land

Mass loss of land and resources like bison (correct)

Stronger political power within the government

Increased access to educational resources

Which of the following rights were Natives promised in exchange for signing treaties?

The right to hunt and fish within reserve limits (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was one key element of the Immigration Act?

It established a quota on the number of immigrants per boat (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two primary conditions set by the government for homesteading?

To build a house and operate a farm (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why was the Pacific Scandal significant in Canadian history?

It revealed government corruption tied to railway contracts (D) Signup and view all the answers

What unfair condition did the Indian Act impose on Native women who married non-Natives?

Loss of Indian status (A) Signup and view all the answers

What were the three difficulties associated with building the railway?

lack of money, rocky mountains, and lack of workers (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following were injustices faced by Chinese workers during the railway construction?

had to do the most dangerous work, were poorly housed, and were paid less than others (C) Signup and view all the answers

What economic program was known for promoting Canadian industry?

National Policy (A) Signup and view all the answers

Who was awarded the railway contract and what did the government offer them?

Canadian Pacific Railway - $25 million and land (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary cause of the Northwest Rebellion?

the Métis were losing their lands due to settlement (C) Signup and view all the answers

What tactic did the natives employ to achieve victories against settlers?

guerrilla warfare tactics (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why did the natives lose the Battle of Batoche?

the leaders disagreed on strategy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of Riel's conviction on societal tensions?

heightened tensions between Anglophones and Francophones (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Gabriel Dumont and Louis Riel after the rebellion?

they were sentenced to imprisonment and execution (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) for Canada?

all products manufactured enter Canada duty-free (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Indigenous Treatment

Treaties were considered sacred due to the principle of honour, even if oral.
Indigenous peoples signed treaties due to government threats (loss of possessions) and promises.
Promises included reserve land rights, hunting/fishing rights, annual payments, agricultural tools/techniques, and reserve schools.
Treaty No. 6 consequences included massive land loss, bison extinction, and starvation.
The Indian Act was unfair due to voting/alcohol restrictions, women's status discrepancies (marriage), government timber authorization on reserves, unequal legal proceedings, and voting restrictions dependent on renunciation of Indigenous status.

Colonization

Passengers arriving in Canada were quarantined to prevent contagious diseases.
The Immigration Act aimed to control contagious disease entry and limit immigrant numbers per ship.
Rupert's Land was governed by the Power Lands Act.
The Prairies were divided into cantons, approximately 10 km² each.
Homesteading involved land allocation for farming. A house and functioning farm were required within 3 years; otherwise, the land returned to government ownership.

Transcontinental Railway

Pacific Scandal: John A. Macdonald's campaign funding ($350,000) from a railroad contract recipient appeared like a bribery scheme.
Railway construction difficulties included funding issues, mountainous terrain, and swampy areas.
Chinese railway workers faced dangerous conditions, inadequate food and shelter, poor medical care, lower wages, repatriation denial, and family immigration restrictions.
The National Policy aimed to boost Canadian industry. Measures included higher tariffs on foreign goods and lower tariffs on imported raw materials.
Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) received a significant land grant, financial support, and a non-competition guarantee for the railway contract.

Northwest Rebellion

The Northwest Rebellion stemmed from Métis land anxieties due to settler expansion into Saskatchewan, after previous displacement.
Indigenous groups used guerrilla warfare tactics (surprise attacks).
The loss of the Battle of Batoche was caused by leadership disagreements: Dumont (surprise) versus Riel (negotiation). Inadequate defense strategy led to defeat.
Chiefs Poundmaker and Big Bear, and Louis Riel, faced imprisonment or execution.
The Riel conviction created Anglophone-Francophone tensions because British-origin groups desired punishment, while French-speaking groups saw him as a Métis defender.

Miscellaneous

Gabriel Dumont was war lieutenant in Louis Riel's provisional government.
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) permitted duty-free entry of goods from Mexico and the USA.
After the Pacific Scandal, John A. Macdonald gave way to Alexander Mackenzie, Canada's 2nd Prime Minister.
A bribe may be considered a "pot de vin."
Guerrilla tactics are characterized by surprise attacks and harassment of the enemy.

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Description

This quiz explores the significant topics of Indigenous treaties and colonization in Canada. It covers treaty principles, consequences for Indigenous peoples, and government regulations impacting immigration and land. Test your knowledge on these pivotal historical events and their effects.