Indigenous Terminology Quiz

Indigenous Terminology

• "Indigenous" is an umbrella term encompassing First Nations (status and non-status), Métis, and Inuit peoples. Used internationally, especially in the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). Increasingly preferred for activism but can be ambiguous in legal contexts.
• "Aboriginal" is a general term encompassing First Nations, Métis, and Inuit in Canada. Legally defined in the 1982 Constitution Act, Section 35(2). While preferred until recently, carries a negative connotation associated with past government policies. Should be used as an adjective, not a noun.
• "First Nations": Refers to people with Indian status under Canadian law. Can be used for individuals or a group of reserve-based communities.
• "Métis": A distinct Indigenous group with unique historical significance. Not considered "Indians" under Canadian law and never referred to as "First Nations." Use acute accent.
• "Inuit": A distinct Aboriginal group, culturally and legally different from First Nations and Métis. "Inuk" is the singular form. Avoid "Eskimo" – it's considered derogatory.

Important Considerations

• Context Matters: Choose the most appropriate term based on the context and the legal or historical nuances.
• Avoid Possessives: Do not use possessive terms like "Canada's Aboriginal people" or "our Aboriginal people." This creates a paternalistic tone and ignores sovereignty.
• Specificity and respect: For informal documents, use the preferred term by the community directly. Ask if unsure.
• "Indian": Avoid in most contexts, except for historical references or government policy discussion (e.g., the Indian Act).

Terminology to Avoid

• "Indian": Historically problematic and carries strong negative connotations.
• "Aboriginals": Avoid using the noun form; use "Aboriginal Peoples" instead. This term, too, has negative historical associations (formerly used to denote colonial prejudices).