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Questions and Answers
What was a significant reason for the indigenous people's armed conflict against the Bangladeshi state?
How did the Jumma leadership perceive armed rebellion in relation to regional autonomy?
What historical regulation once safeguarded the CHT from the transfer of land to non-indigenous people?
What was the status of the CHT under the Government of India Act of 1935?
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What specific impact did military intervention by the state have on the conflict?
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Which of the following groups traditionally managed the revenue circles within CHT during British rule?
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What factor has contributed to the perception of exploitation among the CHT's indigenous people?
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What primary goal did the indigenous leadership seek through their armed struggle?
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What has been a significant factor in the conflict in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT)?
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Which role has the military played in the CHT according to the information provided?
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What demand has largely been ignored by the governments in relation to indigenous peoples?
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What has been one consequence of the government’s strategies in the CHT region?
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How were the land rights of the Hill People affected by government interventions?
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What was one of the primary objectives of the CHT Development Board established in 1976?
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What is one reason the indigenous peoples often protested against government actions?
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Which concept refers to governmental initiatives aimed at planting trees to combat deforestation?
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What is one of the criticisms regarding the accord related to indigenous peoples?
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Which group has primarily suffered from the intra-indigenous violence in Chakma-inhabited areas?
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How has intra-indigenous violence affected the economy of the indigenous CHT community?
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What movement has emerged among Bengali settlers in reaction to the 1997 accord?
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What has been a major consequence of the conflict between indigenous insurgent groups and government security forces?
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What impact has the intra-indigenous violence had on social and human development in the CHT?
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What was a consequence of the perceptions among Bangali settlers regarding their status after the signing of the accord?
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What underlying issue continues to affect the relationship between indigenous peoples and Bangali settlers in the CHT?
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Study Notes
The CHT and the Quest for Autonomy
- Indigenous people in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) have fought against the Bangladeshi State and security forces for decades.
- The CHT's indigenous people claim their ancestral land and cultural identity are threatened by exploitation and discrimination.
- The CHT historically enjoyed special status as an autonomously administered district during British colonial rule, with restrictions on non-indigenous land ownership and immigration.
Multiple Conflicts in the CHT
- The CHT suffers from a complex web of conflicts, fueled by historical injustices and ongoing struggles for political rights and natural resources.
- The CHT Regulation of 1900 aimed to protect the indigenous people's rights and land ownership. It also designated the region as a "Totally Excluded Area" under the Government of India Act of 1935.
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Conflict 1: Indigenous people of the CHT are pitted against their own, often along ethnic lines.
- Violence between indigenous groups, particularly in Chakma-inhabited areas, impacts the region's economy and social development.
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Conflict 2: Violent clashes between indigenous insurgent groups, notably the UPDF, and government security forces, as well as Bangali settlers, have created a volatile situation.
- The militarization of Bangali settlers further complicates conflict resolution.
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Conflict 3: The "Somo Adikhar Andolon" (Equal Rights Movement), a movement by Bengali-speaking settlers, objects to the 1997 peace accord, claiming it marginalizes them.
- They demand the annulment of the accord, further increasing tension with the indigenous people.
The Role of Government and Military in CHT Conflict
- The Bangladeshi government's approach to solving the CHT's complex political and ethnic problems has relied heavily on military intervention.
- While economic development programs, like the CHT Development Board formed in 1976, were implemented to address the situation, they were often controlled by the military and aimed at reinforcing its power.
- This militaristic approach, coupled with the deployment of security forces, has exacerbated existing grievances and fostered distrust between the government and the CHT's indigenous people.
- Land grabbing by Bangali settlers, often facilitated by the army, has added to the conflict.
- Indigenous people who protested against these practices faced persecution and torture.
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Description
This quiz explores the historical and ongoing conflicts faced by the indigenous people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) in their quest for autonomy and recognition. It delves into the impacts of colonial policies and the struggles for cultural identity and land rights amidst internal and external pressures.
