Chapter 9

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Questions and Answers

Who are considered the original inhabitants of Canada?

Indian Act registrants

Early explorers

First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples (correct)

European settlers

What term is used to define a group of Indigenous people registered as such according to the Indian Act?

Aboriginal

Indian (correct)

Native

First Nations

What were the ill-intentioned policies devised by government officials to address the 'Indian problem'?

Social integration projects

Cultural preservation programs

Land-cession treaties and assimilationist policies (correct)

Equal rights initiatives

What was the Sixties Scoop?

A period in the 1960s when Indigenous children were removed from their communities and placed in non-Indigenous foster and adoptive homes Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the residential schools on Indigenous children?

They were severely punished for acknowledging their Indigenous culture or speaking their own language Signup and view all the answers

When did the Canadian government formally apologize for the enduring damage done by the residential school system?

June 11, 2008 Signup and view all the answers

What was the aim of the land treaties signed in the West?

To allow for settlement and construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Scrip system?

To extinguish the Aboriginal title of the Métis by awarding a certificate redeemable for land or money Signup and view all the answers

What are the collective terms for the original inhabitants of Canada?

First Nations, Inuit, and Métis Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Sixties Scoop?

Massive removal of Indigenous children from their families and communities Signup and view all the answers

What did the Indian Act of 1876 seek to do?

Define who would be considered an Indian to exert government authority over Aboriginal peoples Signup and view all the answers

Who are considered 'Indians' under the Constitution according to the Supreme Court of Canada?

Non-Status Indians and Métis Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the residential school system in Canada?

To assimilate Indigenous children and restrict their culture and language Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the 'Sixties Scoop' on Indigenous communities?

It led to devastating consequences for the children by removing newborns from their mothers on reserves Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the 1950s Inuit relocation experiment from Northern Quebec to the High Arctic?

It fostered deep distrust towards the Canadian government Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of early academic discourses on urban Indigenous peoples in the 1940s and 1950s?

The incompatibility of urban life with Indigenous cultures and identities Signup and view all the answers

What is the second theme identified in the emerging research on urban Indigenous identities?

Municipal settler colonialism Signup and view all the answers

According to Peters (2011), what is the third theme found in the literature on urban Indigenous identities?

The challenge of consciously seeking out opportunities to be involved in cultural activities Signup and view all the answers

What is the fourth emergent theme in the academic literature on urban Indigenous peoples?

Cultural heterogeneity of cities Signup and view all the answers

What was the early notion about urban life for Indigenous peoples in the 1940s and 1950s?

Incompatible with Indigenous cultures and identities Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of settler racism on urban Indigenous identities?

Both blatant and more subtle forms of discrimination Signup and view all the answers

According to Peters (2011), what is the challenge faced by urban Indigenous individuals in seeking out cultural activities?

The need to consciously decide to seek out opportunities Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of municipal settler colonialism on urban Indigenous identities?

Neglect of the larger urban Indigenous community Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of research on urban Indigenous peoples in the 1940s and 1950s?

Incompatibility of urban life with Indigenous cultures and identities Signup and view all the answers

What is the challenge for social workers when working with Indigenous families in urban settings?

Tensions between providing culturally specific programs and providing spaces where all Indigenous peoples are welcome Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Indigenous Rights in Canada

Aboriginal peoples were confined to reserves, leading to neglect and devastating effects such as famines and tuberculosis, with housing, healthcare, and education left to the Church.
The federal government established the Department of Indian Affairs, now known as Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC), to regulate and control Aboriginal movement and ways of living.
The situation of the Métis was unique, as they could seek status as Indians through treaties or "take scrip," resulting in unfair treatment.
The Indian Act also governed the Inuit, with no land formally set aside for their use and extensive mineral and oil exploration leading to forced relocations.
The 1950s Inuit relocation experiment from Northern Quebec to the High Arctic fostered deep distrust towards the Canadian government.
The disc list system, assigning a numbered disc to each Inuk, came to define a quasi-legal status that affected all aspects of Inuit life.
Indigenous people represent 4.3% of the Canadian population, yet in 2016 they represented 25% of federal prison inmates, leading to calls for Indigenous-specific programs and justice systems.
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission called for the creation of Indigenous justice systems to address the underlying causes of criminal conduct.
The forced removal of Indigenous children from their communities and placement in church-run, government-funded residential schools aimed at assimilation, leading to devastating consequences.
The residential school system, established in the mid-1800s, restricted Indigenous culture and language and subjected children to emotional, physical, and sexual abuse.
As a result of residing in these institutions, individuals struggled with drug and alcohol use, mental health issues, and impaired parenting abilities.
The "Sixties Scoop" involved the common practice of removing newborns from their mothers on reserves, leading to devastating consequences for the children.

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Test your knowledge of Indigenous rights in Canada with this insightful quiz. Explore the historical treatment of Aboriginal peoples, the impact of government policies, and the calls for justice and reconciliation. Gain a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by Indigenous communities and the ongoing efforts to address systemic issues.