Indigenous Peoples of the Americas

A land connection between Asia and North America during the last Ice Age.

The earliest inhabitants of the Americas descended from Beringian Peoples.

Capital of the Aztec Empire, known for its architectural sophistication.

Southwestern Native American groups known for multi-story adobe dwellings.

Flourished in southeastern U.S. from approximately 800 to 1600 CE.

A Native American group part of the Eastern Woodland Peoples in the Midwest.

Estimates population sizes using archaeological evidence.

Aztec documents that provide insights into regional resources and populations.

The first English colony in the New World, established between 1585-1587.

An explorer known for his leadership in the early Virginia colony and interactions with Native tribes.

Native American tribe in Virginia with whom John Smith interacted during early colonization.

Queen of England from 1558 to 1603, notable for her role in the Protestant Reformation and colonial expansion.

A religious movement in the 16th century that led to the establishment of Protestant churches.

The rivalry between England and Spain during Elizabeth I's reign, fueled by religious and colonial ambitions.

An English nobleman who sponsored the Roanoke Colony and explored North America.

The mysterious fate of the Roanoke Colony, where settlers vanished by the late 1580s.

Advanced civilizations in the Americas, including the Mexica (Aztecs), known for their architecture and society.

The movement of early humans from Asia to North America across the Bering Land Bridge.

Ancient Native American culture known for cliff dwellings and advanced agriculture in the southwest.

The conflicts and tensions within England over religion during Elizabeth I's reign.

The study of ancient cultures through the analysis of artifacts, sites, and remains.

A major uprising of enslaved people in South Carolina in 1739.

A series of fires that led to the execution of about 20 enslaved individuals due to suspicions.

Monarch who ruled with absolute power from 1685, promoting divine right and facing unrest.

An initiative by King James II to consolidate several colonies under his control.

The couple whose marriage hinted at political challenges to King James II's rule.

A territory named by Sir Walter Raleigh in honor of Queen Elizabeth I, the Virgin Queen.

An early English colony that mysteriously disappeared, highlighting challenges in colonization.

An African man sold into slavery, later gained his freedom and became an abolitionist.

A system where women and children were more often targeted for slavery within Africa.

European demand for labor shifted focus to young men in the slave trade, fueling exploitation.

By mid-1600s, laws began to differentiate treatment of Africans, establishing slavery in Virginia.

Laws in Virginia that defined enslaved individuals’ legal status and solidified slavery.

The practice of enslaving Africans based solely on race, differentiating them from whites.

Enslavers could kill enslaved individuals without legal consequences, viewing them as property.

Legal changes that shifted identity rights of enslaved people, affecting their status.

Conflict between Puritans and Pequots, marked by violence, justified by religious ideology.

A critic of Puritan leadership advocating for religious freedom, later founded Rhode Island.

Puritan woman who challenged religious and societal norms and was banished for her views.

New England's practice of sending dissenters to specific locations to manage conflicts.

The tragic event involving Anne Hutchinson's family in Rhode Island, leading to deaths.

A church policy allowing partial membership for those living morally but lacking full spiritual experience.

A religious group seeking to create a utopian society based on biblical principles.

A violent conflict between Native Americans led by Metacom and English settlers in the late 1670s.

Also known as King Philip, he led a major Native American resistance against English settlers.

The movement of Puritans to America, especially during the 1630s, escaping religious persecution.

Originally strict, became more lenient to allow moral but non-spiritually experienced individuals to join the church.

Concerns raised by Puritans questioning God's actions during conflicts like King Philip's War.

A series of hearings and prosecutions in 1692 where many were accused of witchcraft based on hysteria.

An enslaved woman from the Caribbean who influenced the young girls in Salem with fortune-telling.

A bloodless coup that established principles of governance and liberty in England, influencing America.

Groups like the Puritans who opposed perceived Catholic influences in the Church of England.

The Stuart monarchs whose reigns prompted significant challenges and repression against the Puritans.

The relocation of the Pilgrims to the New World in 1620 seeking religious freedom.

The Native American tribe that faced English expansion and conflict, especially during King Philip's War.

The conflict between worldly wealth and spiritual focus observed in Puritan society.

The original name of New York under Dutch control.

The event in 1664 when English captured New Amsterdam from the Dutch.

James, the brother of the English king, after whom New York was named.

The founder of Pennsylvania and a leader among Quakers.

A Christian group known for pacifism and egalitarian beliefs.

Gatherings without a minister where participants sit in silence.

The movement to end slavery, which Quakers supported by the 18th century.

The ranking of individuals in society, often influencing language use.

Colonies under the control of individuals rather than companies or the crown.

Charleston emerged as a key hub for the transatlantic slave trade.

Between 15% to 20% of New York City's population was enslaved.

Proprietary colonies like Pennsylvania attracted a mix of ethnic groups.

The historical trade of enslaved Africans to the Americas.

The belief in resolving conflicts without violence, promoted by Quakers.

The Quaker belief that everyone has a divine spark within, guiding them.

King of England who lost his crown and life after the English Civil War.

Conflict in the 1640s between Royalists and Parliamentarians, leading to the capture of Charles I.

Period in England when Charles II returned to the throne in 1660 after a decade of parliamentary rule.

Son of Charles I, became king during the Restoration period and is known for family ties and cultural flourishing.

Company established to facilitate the slave trade in Africa during Charles II's reign.

Colonies with charters granting them autonomy and self-governance, such as Virginia and Massachusetts Bay.

Initial charter colony that became a royal colony under Charles II after the Virginia Company lost its charter.

Royal governor of Virginia during Charles II's reign who faced Bacon's Rebellion in the 1670s.

A 1676 uprising in Virginia against the royal governor and colonial elites over land and policy issues.

A proprietary colony established for English Catholics, granted to the Calvert family.

Married a Portuguese princess for dynastic reasons, aiming to access Portuguese navigation.

The period of flourishing literature and arts, especially comedy, under Charles II's reign.

Widespread belief that, despite being Protestant, Charles II harbored Catholic tendencies.

One of Charles II's famous mistresses, known for her witty encounter with a crowd while heading to the palace.