Indigenous People in Biodiversity Conservation
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Questions and Answers

Which scientific name corresponds to the plant worshiped as the abode of Lord Vidhyadhara?

  • Aegle marmelos
  • Azadirachta indica
  • Terminalia arjuna
  • Mangifera indica (correct)

What is the vernacular name for the plant with the scientific classification of Terminalia arjuna?

  • Bilva
  • Arjun (correct)
  • Baka
  • Nimba

Which plant is associated with the worship of Goddess Lakshmi?

  • Ocium sanctum (correct)
  • Calotropis gigantea
  • Nerium indicum
  • Sesbania grandiflora

What family does the plant Aegle marmelos belong to?

<p>Asclepiadaceae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a plant conserved due to magico-religious beliefs?

<p>Eucalyptus globulus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant is worshiped in connection with Lord Ganesh?

<p>Nerium indicum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plants is recognized for its association with Lord Shiva?

<p>Calotropis gigantea (A), Aegle marmelos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of plants do tribals conserve as a source of food?

<p>Crop plants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of ethnic people in India concerning biodiversity?

<p>They have conserved flora and fauna in sacred groves. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is prohibited in sacred groves?

<p>Any kind of human interference (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tree is notably worshipped by tribals in Maharashtra's sacred grove?

<p>Mangifera indica (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of plants have been evaluated for nutritional content in tribal areas?

<p>Wild species of edible purpose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant is known for its use in both food and medicinal practices?

<p>Cordia dichotoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the health of tribals living in undisturbed forest areas compare to others?

<p>They tend to be healthier and free from diseases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant feature of the sacred groves in India?

<p>They are believed to hold magico-religious significance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plants is primarily used for medicinal purposes?

<p>Calotropis gigantean (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do ethnic and indigenous people primarily conserve that serves as a source of food?

<p>Wild edible plants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do indigenous cultivars play a role in agricultural practices?

<p>They are used in improvement programs to enhance productivity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What traditional uses are associated with the plants conserved by ethnic people?

<p>As antidotes and traditional medicinal uses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do tribal communities often conserve biodiversity?

<p>In abandoned agricultural sites and sacred groves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a noted characteristic of indigenous and ethnic people related to biodiversity?

<p>They reside in ecologically rich areas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized about the traditional knowledge of indigenous people in environmental management?

<p>It is vital for ecological restoration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many indigenous people are estimated to live in Asia?

<p>About 150 million (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do ethnic people play in pest and disease resistance in agriculture?

<p>They contribute traditional cultivars with resistance traits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant is used for its fruits which are roasted and eaten?

<p>Aegle Marmelos (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of Dioscorea alta is consumed as a vegetable?

<p>Tubers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plants is used by tribal healers for orthopedic treatments?

<p>Equisetum ramosissimum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of burning plant biomass in shifting agriculture?

<p>To enrich soil with essential nutrients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant is mentioned as used by tribal herbal healers for antidote of snake bites?

<p>Acorus calamus (A), Gynandropsis gynandra (C), Achyranthus Asper (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of conserving plants in sacred groves according to tribal practices?

<p>For in-situ conservation of biodiversity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant's parts are powdered and used for setting bone fractures?

<p>Alternanthera sessiles (B), Vanda tessala (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is known as 'Kali musli' and used for its roots?

<p>Curculigo Orchioides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant is used to treat muscular pain and body swelling?

<p>Bauhinia purpurea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following practices is NOT associated with shifting agriculture?

<p>Continuous cropping in the same field (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the local name of Achyranthus Asper as used in their traditional practices?

<p>Chirchita (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which family does Bauhinia Purpurea belong to?

<p>Convolvulaceae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of discharge is treated with decoctions from the roots of Curculigo orchiodes and Bombax ceiba?

<p>White discharge in urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of the plant Xylia xylocrpa?

<p>Seeds as vegetable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plants is NOT mentioned as being conserved in abandoned sites of shifting agriculture?

<p>Argemone maxicana (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason tribal societies conserve diverse plant species in their habitat?

<p>To support biodiversity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the conservation efforts mentioned?

<p>Sustainable management and conservation of biodiversity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does in-situ conservation involve?

<p>Conserving genetic resources within their natural ecosystem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do indigenous people play in biodiversity conservation?

<p>They assist in the conservation of biodiversity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of ex-situ conservation?

<p>Maintaining a seed bank for genetic material (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is there an urgent need for conservation efforts?

<p>Due to the impact of rapid industrialization and urbanization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disciplines are mentioned as important for establishing linkages in conservation efforts?

<p>Genetics, Botany, and Ecology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the proposed methods to enhance awareness in tribal localities?

<p>Organizing awareness campaigns and training programs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated as a consequence of cultural influence on indigenous societies?

<p>Their traditional culture is vanishing quickly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Role of indigenous people

Indigenous peoples have played a crucial role in conserving biodiversity in their regions since the beginning of human civilization.

Biodiversity conservation methods

Indigenous groups employ various methods including: conserving plants for food, using traditional knowledge for medicinal purposes, preserving plants in sacred groves, and utilizing plants in agricultural improvement.

Indigenous plant uses

Indigenous groups utilize plants for a variety of purposes such as food, medicine, agriculture, horticulture, and traditional remedies for ailments like snake bites and fractures.

In-situ conservation

Conservation of plants in their natural habitat or ecosystem, by indigenous tribal groups using abandoned shifting agriculture sites and sacred groves.

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Traditional knowledge

Accumulated knowledge and practices developed by indigenous and ethnic communities over generations about their local environment and its resources.

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Ethnic groups

Distinct groups of people with unique cultural practices and traditional knowledge, often having close ties to their local environment

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Sacred groves

Areas of land set aside for religious or spiritual reasons, traditionally used by indigenous people for conservation of plants and animals.

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Shifting agriculture

Agricultural practice where land is cleared and cultivated for a short period, and then abandoned to allow the land to regenerate. Often used by indigenous people.

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Tribal Plant Conservation

Indigenous groups preserve plants in their natural habitats, often due to religious beliefs that plants are sacred.

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Sacred Plants of Central India

Certain plants, like the 'Aam' (Mango), 'Arjun', 'Bilva', and 'Nimba' (Neem), are worshipped by tribal communities in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.

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Tribal Plant Worship

Tribes in Central India often consider plants as homes of gods and goddesses, leading to their conservation.

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Food Crop Conservation

Indigenous people conserve crop plants as essential food sources.

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Table 2 Plants

Table 2 lists plants revered by tribal communities in Central India, along with the associated deity.

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Tribal medicinal plants

Plants used by tribal communities for treating various ailments, often dried, powdered, and applied topically or used in decoctions.

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Shifting agriculture (Jhoom)

A farming method where land is cleared, cultivated for a time, then abandoned, allowing the land to regenerate.

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Sacred groves

Areas in a forest, protected by tribal communities for religious and spiritual reasons, preserving biodiversity.

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Plants in abandoned jhoom sites

Certain plants naturally colonize abandoned cultivated land during the fallow period, proving the land's ability to regenerate.

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In-situ conservation

Conservation of plants and animals in their natural habitat, through practices such as sacred groves and abandoned jhoom sites.

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Tribal Plant Conservation

Indigenous communities conserve plants for food, medicine, and other uses, maintaining ecological balance and traditional knowledge.

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Edible Plant Harvesting

Tribals carefully harvest tubers, such as those from Dioscorea spp., when leaves turn yellow and mature to avoid harming associated species.

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Plant-Based Remedies

Tribes use various plant parts like roots, barks, and leaves to treat snake bites, scorpion stings, and bone fractures using traditional herbal knowledge.

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In-situ Conservation

Tribes conserve plants in their natural habitats, like forests, for practical uses.

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Aegle Marmelos

A fruit tree whose fruit is eaten after roasting.

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Amorphophallus paenonflodium

A plant whose parts like Petioles/ Bulb are eaten as vegetables.

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Achyranthus Asper

A plant whose tender shoots are cooked as vegetables.

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Bauhinia Purpuea

A plant whose leaves, flowers, and seeds are eaten as vegetables.

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Dioscorea alta

A plant whose tubers are eaten as a vegetable.

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Sacred Groves

Natural forests in India (Northeast, Central, Peninsular) where human interference is prohibited, often due to tribal beliefs.

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Mangifera indica

The scientific name for the mango tree, found in sacred groves.

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Tinospora sinensis

A twiner that wraps around the mango tree in the Western Ghats.

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Curcuma domestica

A wild herbaceous species that grows in carpet-like formations.

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Table 4 Plants

A table describing plants found in Indian sacred groves, and their uses.

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Tribal role in biodiversity

Indigenous people in India play a role in preserving biodiversity through conservation efforts, especially in sacred groves.

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Nutritional Evaluation

Assessment of the nutritional content of 200 wild edible plant species by CSIR laboratories.

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Tribal Health

Tribes who eat traditional foods from forests tend to be healthier and have fewer diseases.

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Bambusa arundinacea

A type of wild bamboo, potentially valuable for conservation efforts.

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In-situ conservation

Conservation of genetic resources within a species' ecosystem.

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Ex-situ conservation

Conservation of genetic resources outside their natural ecosystem.

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Gene bank

A store of genetic material for future use, often for ecological restoration.

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Ecological restoration

Repairing damaged ecosystems to maintain biodiversity.

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Indigenous people

Local communities with important knowledge about their environment and biodiversity conservation.

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Biodiversity

The variety of life, including plants, animals, and ecosystems.

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Floral Diversity

The variety of plant species in a given area

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Survey and Evaluation

Systematic study and assessment of plant diversity.

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Ethnobotany

The study of how different cultures and groups use plants for medicinal, food, or cultural practices.

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Sacred forests

Forests protected by local communities for religious and cultural reasons.

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In-situ

Conservation of a species in its natural habitat.

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Ex-situ

Conservation of species outside their natural habitat.

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Study Notes

Role of Indigenous People in Biodiversity Conservation

  • Indigenous peoples have played a crucial role in biodiversity conservation since civilization's start, conserving plants around their habitats.
  • They use plants for food (roots, tubers, rhizomes, seeds, fruits), agriculture, and horticulture.
  • Indigenous cultivars are used in agricultural improvement, increasing productivity and pest/disease resistance.
  • Many plants are used medicinally (snake bite, scorpion stings, bone fractures, wounds, menstrual problems).
  • Plants are conserved in abandoned farmland and sacred groves, promoting biodiversity and ecological restoration.

Indigenous People and Biodiversity

  • Globally, about 300 million indigenous people live in diverse habitats (Asia, Central/South America, Australia, Europe, New Zealand, Africa, Soviet Union), with many in Asia.
  • These communities possess traditional knowledge vital for eco-restoration and environmental management.
  • They have developed harmonious relationships with nature.

Plants Used by Indigenous People

  • India has 45,000 wild plant species, with 9,500 ethnobotanically significant ones.
  • 7,500 species are used medicinally.
  • 3,900 are used for food (145 roots/tubers, 521 leafy vegetables, 101 bulbs/flowers, 647 fruits); 525 fiber plants; 400 fodder species; 300 insecticide/pesticide plants; 300 gum/resin/dye/perfume plants.
  • Many plants hold cultural and religious significance for tribal communities, used in medicine, timber, building materials or worship.

Plant Conservation Practices

  • Plants in natural habitats are often revered as the homes of deities
  • Tribal communities, especially those living in Dindori, Balaghat, Mandala (Madhya Pradesh) and Kawardha, Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh), worship plants and flowers.
  • Tribes have sacred groves where they preserve their biodiversity.
  • Wild edible plants (fruits, seeds, bulbs, roots, tubers) are utilized.

Other Traditional Uses

  • Tribal healers use various plants as antidotes for snake bites or scorpion stings.
  • Tribal remedies are used for bone fracture treatment using the paste of certain plant parts.
  • Numerous plants are used for medicinal purposes, such as treating skin diseases, fevers, headaches, and joint pain.

Shifting Agriculture and Biodiversity

  • Shifting agriculture (jhoom) is practiced in northeastern India, Central India, and parts of South India.
  • It involves clearing forests to cultivate crops and then abandoning the land for regeneration.
  • Useful plants are retained (e.g., mango trees, citrus fruits, sugarcane, bananas).
  • Important plants are preserved in abandoned agricultural sites.

Sacred Groves for Biodiversity Conservation

  • Sacred groves, natural forest patches, are conserved for religious reasons.
  • These areas prevent human interference and maintain a crucial part of biodiversity
  • Some significant plant species found in sacred groves, of Maharashtra are Mangifera indica (mango), the wild herbaceous species Curcuma domestica.

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Role of Ethnic and Indigenous People in Biodiversity Conservation (PDF)

Description

This quiz explores the crucial role of indigenous peoples in biodiversity conservation across the globe. It delves into their traditional knowledge, use of plants for various purposes, and the ways they promote ecological restoration. Test your understanding of how indigenous communities contribute to environmental management and biodiversity preservation.

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