Indigenous Health in Canada

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Questions and Answers

The term 'Aboriginal,' as it is used in Canada, refers to which group of people?

  • Status Indians as legislated under the Indian Act
  • Only First Nations people living on reserves.
  • All Indigenous peoples living in Canada, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit (correct)
  • Only Métis and Inuit populations in Canada.

What is the primary distinction between 'status Indians' and 'non-status Indians' in Canada?

  • Status Indians have access to healthcare benefits, while non-status Indians do not.
  • Status Indians receive federal funding for education, while non-status Indians do not.
  • Status Indians are legislated under the Indian Act, while non-status Indians are not. (correct)
  • Status Indians live on reserves, while non-status Indians live off reserves.

What is the significance of the year 1982 in the context of Métis identity in Canada?

  • The federal government officially apologized for the treatment of Métis people
  • The Canadian Constitution recognized unique Métis culture, traditions, language and strong nation-hood. (correct)
  • It was the year the Métis National Council was formed.
  • It marked the beginning of residential schools for Métis children.

What is 'Cultural Safety' in the context of community health nursing for Indigenous populations?

<p>Building reflective, culturally safe practices grounded in a strength-based approach that honours Indigenous cultures and health. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role can Community Health Nurses (CHNs) play in addressing colonial narratives and inequities affecting Indigenous populations?

<p>Stopping colonial narratives and the inequities created by continued stigmatization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the primary role of the First Nations and Inuit Health Branch (FNIHB)?

<p>To provide healthcare services for First Nation and Inuit peoples living on reserves. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do First Nations healthcare systems typically interface with the broader Canadian healthcare system for acute-care services?

<p>First Nations healthcare systems interface with the Canadian healthcare system because hospitals are a provincial responsibility. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of social determinants of health affecting Indigenous populations in Canada?

<p>Indigenous populations experience disparities in virtually all areas of health determinants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the relationship between socioeconomic status and Indigenous populations?

<p>Low socioeconomic status can be found in all Indigenous populations, regardless of rural, urban, or remote location. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which health concern has a disproportionately higher rate in Indigenous populations compared to non-Indigenous populations in Canada?

<p>Tuberculosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factors are identified as 'distal determinants of health' for Indigenous populations?

<p>Colonialism, systemic racism, social exclusion, and repression of self-determinism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for Community Health Nurses to consider the historical context when providing care to Indigenous populations?

<p>To understand how historical factors have shaped the health and well-being of Indigenous communities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In providing health education and promotion to Indigenous communities, what should Community Health Nurses prioritize?

<p>Making the activities culturally appropriate and relevant to the community's needs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the foundational concept of traditional world views of Indigenous peoples that informs the medicine wheel framework?

<p>The interconnectedness of all things. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspects of health and wellness are typically represented by the four quadrants of a medicine wheel?

<p>Emotional, physical, mental, and spiritual. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Canada’s land mass is considered rural and remote?

<p>95% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common technical approach used to define 'rural' areas?

<p>The location of hospitals and roads. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the socioeconomic status of rural and remote communities in Canada?

<p>It is not static and can vary based on geographic features. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which social determinant of health is least likely to be changed by health education alone in rural and remote locations?

<p>The social determinants of individuals living in rural and remote locations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What health-related factors are often elevated among those in rural Canada, contributing to health inequities?

<p>Prevalence of smoking and obesity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the nurse-to-population ratio in rural and remote Canada generally compare to that in urban Canada?

<p>It is about half as many nurses per 100,000 people in rural and remote, compared to urban Canada. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might nurses in remote and isolated communities practice differently compared to their urban counterparts?

<p>The distance from other services may shape their practice differently. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the infrastructure and services of a rural community get challenged when many residents work and socialize in an urban center?

<p>It can strain the capacity of the community's resources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major inequity related to technology in rural and remote communities?

<p>The lack of reliable internet service. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the context of rural communities shape rural nursing practice?

<p>With their limited transportation, communications, and other resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common challenge faced by rural nurses regarding their practice?

<p>Having considerable decision-making challenges, few resources, and little backup (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do rural communities face high turnover for healthcare staff?

<p>The demands of providing primary healthcare in rural communities are challenging. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary intent behind the exertion of power by a dominant culture of settlers over Indigenous peoples, referred to as 'colonial'?

<p>To replace the original population. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The United Nations (UN) uses the term 'Indigenous' to refer to original peoples to what aim?

<p>To uphold the human rights of Indigenous peoples across the world. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that Community Health Nurses (CHNs) should consider when moving from one culture to another?

<p>Being informed of the values and norms of the society to which they are moving. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is a crucial component of cultural safety in nursing practice?

<p>Building reflective, culturally safe practices grounded in a strength-based approach that honors Indigenous peoples' cultures and health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common challenge resulting from rural residents seeking employment and socializing in urban centers?

<p>Challenges to the infrastructure and services of the community. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do various funding arrangements support First Nation groups in managing community health programs?

<p>Various types of funding arrangements are available for this purpose. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does the lack of reliable internet service have on rural and remote communities?

<p>Educational, communication and health opportunities are all impacted (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does emphasizing a single 'type' of rural or remote person risk doing?

<p>Leading to generalizations and inaccurate descriptions of the variety of people. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique challenge do many rural nurses face in their profession?

<p>Rural nursing demands a broad and considerable knowledge base and skills to be responsive to community needs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the distinct practice environment for nurses in remote and isolated communities?

<p>Limited access to health services combined with greater distances. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides physical accessibility and affordability, what other barrier did participants describe which contributed to inequalities in access to health care services?

<p>Racism, stigmatization, language difficulties, intimidation, harassment, and deep fear. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the traditional worldview of Indigenous peoples influence the medicine wheel framework?

<p>It highlights the interconnectedness of all aspects of life and wellness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the health-care systems for First Nations interface with the broader Canadian healthcare system for acute-care services?

<p>First Nations healthcare systems interface with the Canadian healthcare system, as hospitals are a provincial responsibility. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the practice of nurses in rural and remote Canadian communities differ from that of their urban counterparts?

<p>Rural nurses often practice in clinics with limited access to other services, shaping their practice differently. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the out-migration of rural residents to urban areas affect the infrastructure and services in rural communities?

<p>It poses challenges to the infrastructure and services of the community as urban centers become the focus for work and socialization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a Community Health Nurse (CHN) demonstrate cultural safety in their practice?

<p>By maintaining practices grounded in a strength-based approach that honors Indigenous peoples' cultures and health. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Aboriginal Definition

A colonial term by the Canadian federal government encompassing First Nation, Métis, and Inuit peoples.

Colonial Definition

Power exerted by the dominant culture of settlers over Indigenous peoples to maintain authority.

Indigenous Definition

Original peoples of a land and their descendants, used by the UN to uphold human rights.

First Nations

Original nations located below the Arctic in Canada; diversity exists between these.

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Inuit

Indigenous peoples of the Arctic; the word means 'the people'.

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Métis Definition

Mixed-race descendants of unions between First Nation people and European settlers in the 18th/19th centuries.

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Cultural Safety Definition

Building reflective, culturally safe practices honoring Indigenous cultures and health.

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CHN's Role in Cultural Safety

Support Indigenous rights and well-being through nursing, respecting culture and community.

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FNIHB role

Federal government provides health services for First Nation and Inuit peoples living on reserves.

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First Nation healthcare

Health systems for First Nations interface with the Canadian system, hospitals are provincial responsibility.

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Health Determinant Disparities

Education, housing, income are areas showing disparities for Indigenous populations.

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On-reserve housing

On-reserve housing that is is below Canadian standards.

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Trauma and injury rates

Trauma/injury negatively affects physical environments and is high on the list of health issues of Indigenous populations.

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Indigenous world views

Traditional world views emphasize interconnectedness, forming the basis of the medicine wheel framework.

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Medicine Wheel Quadrants

Emotional, physical, mental, and spiritual

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Culturally Appropriate Nursing

CHNs keep in mind the historical, cultural, and changing clinical healthcare delivery system.

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Canada's rural mass

Approximately 95% of land mass is considered this.

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Technical Definition of Rural

Locator features eg. hospitals, roads, or political areas.

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Social Definition of Rural

Nature of the rural community and services associated with larger populations.

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Concentrated population

Canada’s population close to the US border.

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Rural Socioeconomic status

Status not static and economies vary by geographic features.

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Rural Generalizations

Generalizing "types" of rural people can be inaccurate descriptions of people.

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Canadian studies on health

Vary by prevalence, incidence, and risk factors depending on the disease.

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Health Education limitations

Health education will change other social health determinants.

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Health Satisfaction

Small town rated their health as less excellent.

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Rural Risks

Low income and less education level.

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Canada, Rural Health Factors

Elevated smoking rates/ obesity.

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Rural nurse experience

Small settings needs general nurses.

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Canada, Rural nurse ratio

Lower numbers per 100 000 people.

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Clinics shape nurse practice

Practice in clinics shape their practice differently.

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Routine, Rural Nurses

They need to be very flexible to be effective.

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Rural Community

Working in urban challenged with rural residents.

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Rural Poor, Location Risk

Must travel longer to pay for services.

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Telehealth technology

Potential solution to addressing health needs.

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Rural Areas, Internet impact

Impacts communications, educational opportunities.

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Limits, Rural Nursing practice

Limited in all its resources with limited transportation.

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Rural nurses need...

Broad range skills and responsive skills to all people.

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Canada - Communication with Colleagues

High care, team communication and long distance that separates them.

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Resources Tech.

Improving assess and being more comprehendable.

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Job turnover and demands.

Demands and Turnover rate are challenging.

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