Indigenous Cultures Before European Arrival

<p>St. Augustine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fur trading and cooperative relationships with Native Americans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By employing indentured servants and enslaved Africans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They pursued conversion primarily through diplomacy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Widespread mistreatment and disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It recognized American independence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Articles of Confederation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Great Compromise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As three-fifths of a person (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To guarantee individual freedoms and rights (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manifest Destiny (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It exposed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Louisiana Purchase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The confrontation at Lexington (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Stamp Act (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To justify the colonies' break from Britain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Battle of Saratoga (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Tea Act (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The North opposed slavery while the South relied on it for their economy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formal training under Baron von Steuben (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Closure of Boston port (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It declared all enslaved people in Confederate states to be free. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They seceded from the Union. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>George Washington (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The firing on Fort Sumter. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Battle of Antietam (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>13th Amendment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total war tactics aimed at desolate Southern resources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reconstruction and integration of freed African Americans. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secure civil rights for freed African Americans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>14th Amendment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Education and healthcare (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Removal of all federal troops from the South (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radical Republicans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>U.S. citizenship (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Andrew Johnson (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishment of Jim Crow laws (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Job losses in coal and oil industries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Redlining (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The killing of George Floyd (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhancement of community policing programs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poverty or violence in their home countries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DACA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implementation of stricter border controls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agriculture, healthcare, technology, and small business (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The era when European nations, motivated by wealth, land, and religious influence, established settlements in North America, beginning with Christopher Columbus's voyage in 1492.

The Spanish colonisation of North America driven by the pursuit of wealth, land, and religious influence.

A system used by the Spanish to force Native Americans into labor under Spanish landlords, often leading to mistreatment and disease.

The French colonisation of North America focused on establishing trading partnerships with Native Americans and exploring the interior.

French fur traders who explored the interior of North America, establishing trading posts and forts along rivers like the Mississippi.

English colonies in North America that developed distinct social, economic, and political structures, starting with Jamestown in 1607.

Founded in 1607, England's first permanent colony in North America, which started with hardship but later flourished with tobacco cultivation.

A cash crop introduced to Jamestown by John Rolfe that became a major driver of the colony's economy and attracted settlers.

The British policy of taxing the American colonies without granting them representation in the British Parliament. This fueled resentment and the cry of "No taxation without representation!"

A pivotal act of defiance where colonists dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor to protest the Tea Act, which granted a monopoly to the British East India Company.

A series of punitive acts passed by the British Parliament after the Boston Tea Party to punish the colonists, including the closure of Boston Harbor and imposing martial law. These acts further inflamed tensions and fueled the revolution.

The first major battle of the American Revolution where British troops attempting to seize military supplies in Concord, Massachusetts, were met by colonial militia. The "shot heard round the world" marks the start of the war.

A key battle in the American Revolution where the British forces attempted to capture a strategically important hill. Though victorious, British losses were heavy, demonstrating the growing strength of the colonists.

A document written by Thomas Jefferson declaring the independence of the thirteen American colonies from British rule, adopted on July 4, 1776. It outlined arguments for separation based on natural rights and grievances against British rule.

A turning point battle in the American Revolution where a decisive American victory convinced France to formally join the fight against Britain, providing crucial aid for the American cause.

A harsh winter encampment for George Washington's Continental Army where they endured hardships and received vital training under the Prussian military officer Baron von Steuben, emerging stronger and more prepared for the war.

A decisive battle in the American Revolutionary War where a combined French and American force led by General George Washington defeated British forces commanded by General Cornwallis, effectively ending the war.

A treaty signed in 1783 that formally ended the American Revolutionary War, recognizing American independence and establishing the boundaries of the newly formed United States.

A document adopted by the thirteen American colonies in 1781 that established a weak central government, leaving most of the power with the states.

A rebellion of farmers in Massachusetts in 1786, protesting high taxes and debt, highlighting the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

A gathering of delegates from the thirteen colonies in Philadelphia in 1787 to draft a new constitution for the United States.

A compromise reached at the Constitutional Convention, creating a bicameral legislature with the House of Representatives based on population and the Senate with equal representation for each state.

A compromise reached at the Constitutional Convention, counting enslaved persons as three-fifths of a person for both representation and taxation purposes.

The belief that the United States had a divine mission to expand westward, claiming territories from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.

The period after the Civil War (1865-1877) when the Southern states were reintegrated into the Union, marked by significant political, economic, and social changes.

A plan led by President Andrew Johnson that aimed to reintegrate the Southern states into the Union with a lenient approach, allowing them back in if they ratified the 13th Amendment and pledged loyalty to the U.S.

A group of Republicans in Congress who believed President Johnson's Reconstruction plan was too lenient and pushed for stricter measures to protect the rights of freed African Americans.

A federal agency established to aid freed slaves by providing education, healthcare, and employment support, marking the beginning of major societal transformations.

A period of intense resistance to Reconstruction efforts in the South, characterized by white supremacist groups like the Ku Klux Klan using violence and intimidation to suppress African American participation.

A compromise in 1877 that ended Reconstruction, with Republican Rutherford B. Hayes becoming president in exchange for withdrawing federal troops from the South.

The period of Reconstruction had positive impacts, including brief political representation and access to education for African Americans. However, it also led to decades of segregation and inequality due to white Southern resistance.

The persistent unfair treatment of specific racial groups, embedded in institutions and practices, resulting in disadvantages and inequalities.

A policy implemented in the 1930s in the United States, where banks refused to grant loans and mortgages to Black Americans in certain areas, leading to the concentration of racial minorities in disadvantaged neighborhoods.

Discriminatory practices that deny Black Americans access to crucial services, including housing, healthcare, and education, perpetuating cycles of poverty and disadvantage.

A movement that emerged following the death of George Floyd, highlighting police brutality against Black Americans and calling for systematic changes in policing.

A program implemented during President Obama's administration that protected undocumented youth who entered the US as children from deportation.

Stricter immigration policies implemented during the Trump presidency, including family separations and the construction of barriers along the U.S.-Mexico border.

Immigrants contribute significantly to the U.S. economy, filling roles in various sectors and driving innovation.

The rapid development and widespread use of new technologies create both opportunities and challenges, impacting various aspects of American society.

The Civil War was a major conflict in American history, primarily fought between the Union (North) and the Confederacy (South) from 1861 to 1865. Its central cause was the contentious issue of slavery, but it also encompassed political differences, economic disparities, and the fight for states' rights.

Sectionalism refers to the strong regional differences and loyalties that existed between the North and South in the 19th century, leading to contrasting viewpoints on crucial issues like slavery and economic development.

The Missouri Compromise was a landmark agreement in 1820, aiming to temporarily resolve tensions over the expansion of slavery. It admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, while prohibiting slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36°30' parallel.

The Compromise of 1850 was another effort to address slavery and prevent conflict. It included several provisions, such as admitting California as a free state, strengthening the Fugitive Slave Act, and abolishing the slave trade in Washington D.C.

The election of Abraham Lincoln as president in 1860 was a pivotal moment. Lincoln, representing the Republican Party, stood against the expansion of slavery. His victory triggered secession by Southern states, who feared their way of life was under threat.

The secession of Southern states, starting with South Carolina in December 1860, led to the formation of the Confederate States of America, a separate nation dedicated to preserving slavery and challenging the authority of the federal government.

The Emancipation Proclamation, issued by President Lincoln in 1863, declared that all enslaved people in Confederate-held territory were to be freed. Though it initially only applied to Confederate states, it was a significant step toward abolishing slavery.

The Battle of Gettysburg, fought in Pennsylvania in 1863, is considered a turning point in the Civil War. The Union victory over General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army marked a significant setback for the Confederacy and ultimately helped pave the way for Union victory.