Sustainability MCQ 2

Indicators of Sustainability

National Income Indicators

• National income measures the income of permanent residents in a country during an economic period.
• GDP, GNP, GNI, and GNDI can indicate economic growth but not sustainable development.

Social Progress Index

• Measures quality of life on a scale of 1 to 10.
• Considers basic human needs, opportunities, and well-being.

Human Development Index (HDI)

• Measures human development on a scale of 0 to 1.
• Includes healthcare, education, and income levels.
• 0 indicates no development, while 1 indicates full development.

Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)

• Measures human development while considering economic inequality.
• Economic inequality refers to the unequal distribution of income and opportunities between societal groups.
• Includes inequalities in healthcare, income, and education.

Gini Coefficient

• Measures income inequality on a scale of 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality).
• To reduce income inequality, governments should: • Use progressive taxes instead of regressive taxes. • Provide education to all.

Sustainable Development

• Development that meets the needs of current humankind without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Environmental Sustainability

• Generating solar energy is a sustainable practice.
• Burning fossil fuels is an unsustainable practice.

Economic Sustainability

• Avoiding child labor is a sustainable practice.
• Allowing Multinational Corporations (MNCs) to pay less tax is an unsustainable practice.

Social Sustainability

• Ensuring equal pay for equal work is a sustainable practice.
• Allowing gender inequality is an unsustainable practice.

Measuring economic growth and development through national income, social progress, and human development indices.