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Questions and Answers
What was the main purpose of the Non-Cooperation Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920?
What was the main purpose of the Non-Cooperation Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920?
Who founded the Indian National Congress in 1885?
Who founded the Indian National Congress in 1885?
What was the main objective of the Salt March led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930?
What was the main objective of the Salt March led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930?
What philosophy did Mahatma Gandhi develop and promote?
What philosophy did Mahatma Gandhi develop and promote?
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What was the main factor that contributed to the rise of nationalism in India in the late 19th century?
What was the main factor that contributed to the rise of nationalism in India in the late 19th century?
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What was the Quit India Movement call for in 1942?
What was the Quit India Movement call for in 1942?
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Study Notes
Nationalism in India
Rise of Nationalism
- Emerged in the late 19th century as a response to British colonial rule
- Factors contributing to its rise:
- Economic exploitation by the British
- Social and cultural reform movements
- Influence of Western ideas of liberty, equality, and democracy
- Growing sense of Indian identity and unity
Indian National Congress
- Founded in 1885 by A.O. Hume, a British civil servant
- Initially, a platform for educated Indians to express their grievances to the British
- Evolved into a major force in the Indian independence movement
- Early leaders included Dadabhai Naoroji, Feroze Shah Mehta, and Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922)
- Launched by Mahatma Gandhi in response to the Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre
- Aimed to non-violently resist British rule and promote Indian self-rule
- Key features:
- Boycott of British goods and institutions
- Promotion of Swadeshi (indigenous industries)
- Civil disobedience and non-cooperation with the government
Salt March (1930)
- Led by Mahatma Gandhi from Ahmedabad to Dandi, a coastal town in Gujarat
- Protested the British salt tax and monopoly on salt production
- 24-day march covered 240 miles, drawing international attention and sparking widespread protests
Role of Mahatma Gandhi
- Considered the architect of Indian independence
- Developed the philosophy of non-violent resistance (Satyagraha)
- Led multiple movements, including the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Salt March
- Played a key role in uniting Indians across regions, castes, and religions
Other Key Factors and Events
- Swadeshi movement: promoted Indian-made goods and self-sufficiency
- Home Rule movement: demanded self-government for India
- Revolutionary movements: involved armed struggle against the British
- Quit India Movement (1942): called for immediate independence and sparked widespread protests
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Description
Learn about the rise of nationalism in India, the Indian National Congress, and key movements led by Mahatma Gandhi, including the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Salt March. Discover the factors that contributed to India's struggle for independence from British colonial rule.
