Indian National Movement 1885-1916

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Questions and Answers

What was the main aim of the Home Rule Leagues, established in 1916?

To unite the Moderate and Radical factions of the Indian National Congress.

To support the British war effort in World War I.

To achieve self-government for India after the war. (correct)

To secure independence for India immediately.

What significant event led to the split between the Moderates and Radicals within the Indian National Congress?

The passage of the Rowlatt Acts in 1919.

The British declaration of war on Germany in 1914.

The formation of the Muslim League in 1906.

The Surat Session of the Congress in 1907. (correct)

Which of the following was a prominent member of the Muslim League?

Bal Gangadhar Tilak.

Dadabhai Naoroji.

Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

Mohammad Ali Jinnah. (correct)

What was the primary objective of the Muslim League upon its formation?

To promote loyalty to the British crown amongst Muslims and protect their rights. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these events led to a brief unity between the Moderates and Radicals within the Indian National Congress?

The partition of Bengal (1905). (D) Signup and view all the answers

What did the Radicals adopt as a method of protest against British rule?

The use of only locally made goods (swadeshi). (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main demand of the Muslim League from the British government?

Separate electorates for Muslims. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the First World War on the Indian nationalist movement?

It created a growing disillusionment with the British government. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which leader is associated with the Early Nationalist Phase of the Indian National Movement?

Surendranath Banerjee (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was a key belief of the Early Nationalists regarding British rule?

They believed the British could be convinced to make reforms. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods did the Early Nationalists primarily use?

Presenting grievances to the government. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of the Assertive Nationalists?

Immediate freedom or Swaraj. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the 1905 Partition of Bengal?

It was a strategic move to weaken nationalist sentiments. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase best describes the Early Nationalists' long-term contributions to the Indian National Movement?

They laid the foundation for future nationalist movements. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How did the Assertive Nationalists view British rule?

As a hindrance to India's progress. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What did the Early Nationalists believe about their ability to govern themselves?

They were not fit to govern themselves. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Indian National Movement (1885-1916)

Early Nationalist Phase (1885-1905): This phase was dominated by moderate leaders like Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Surendranath Banerjee.
People: Middle-class educated intellectuals, like moderates.
Beliefs: Believed the British rule was benevolent and they believed the British could be convinced to grant India self-governance. They believed in fair play and justice.
Methods: Peaceful methods like petitions, and sending delegates to Britain.

Assertive Nationalist Phase (1905-1918)

People: Radical leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Aurobindo Ghosh.
Beliefs: Didn't trust the British, and demanded complete self-rule (Swaraj).
Methods: Active opposition to British rule, boycotts, and protests. Methods included demonstrations and passive resistance.

Objectives of Early & Assertive Phases

Early phase objective: gradual participation in governance, eventually leading to self-governance.
Assertive phase objective: immediate freedom from British rule.
Demand: Reforms and laws to uplift the welfare of the Indian people, and to be treated with equal respect.

Contributions of Early Nationalists

Some believe they had little contribution.

Partition of Bengal (1905)

The British partitioned Bengal to weaken nationalist movements by separating Hindus and Muslims.
This act sparked a significant and widespread protest in India.

Surat Split (1907)

A major division occurred within the Indian National Congress between the moderates and the radicals.

The Muslim League (1906)

Formed to protect the political rights of Muslims and promote their interests within India.
Objectives in 1906 included loyalty to the British crown, and prevention of feelings of hostility to other communities.

The First World War & India (1914-1918)

Indians and nationalists supported the British war effort but with conditions.
Some nationalists lost respect for the British due to their inaction.

Home Rule Leagues (1916)

Led by Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak, their goals were advocating for self-governance.
Tilak and Besant toured and spoke extensively, spreading awareness about self-rule.

Lucknow Session (1916)

The session was significant because moderates and radicals unified, leading to a stronger movement.

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Description

Explore the Indian National Movement from 1885 to 1916, covering both the Early Nationalist and Assertive Nationalist phases. Learn about key leaders, beliefs, and methods used during these pivotal years in India's struggle for self-governance.