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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the nature of the Indian rebellions before 1857?
Which of the following best describes the nature of the Indian rebellions before 1857?
- Local, scattered, and isolated. (correct)
- Widespread and posing a significant threat to British rule.
- Supported by the majority of Indian society.
- Well-coordinated and centrally organized.
How did the British policy of expansion impact Indian rulers and society?
How did the British policy of expansion impact Indian rulers and society?
- It had minimal impact on the social and economic structures of Indian society.
- It resulted in the dispossession of power and land rights for ruling classes and peasantry. (correct)
- It led to economic prosperity and increased autonomy for Indian states.
- It fostered a sense of unity and cooperation between the British and Indian rulers.
Which factors contributed to the discontent of Indian soldiers serving in the East India Company's army?
Which factors contributed to the discontent of Indian soldiers serving in the East India Company's army?
- Low salary, hard life, and ill-treatment by British officers. (correct)
- Equal treatment and respect from British officers.
- Guaranteed pensions and job security after service.
- High salaries and opportunities for promotion.
Besides outright wars, which of the following methods did the British use to expand their power in India?
Besides outright wars, which of the following methods did the British use to expand their power in India?
What was the cumulative impact of British policies and administrative changes on Indian society before 1857?
What was the cumulative impact of British policies and administrative changes on Indian society before 1857?
Which of the following best describes how the early British conquests and expansion in India (1757-1857) affected the economic conditions of the local population?
Which of the following best describes how the early British conquests and expansion in India (1757-1857) affected the economic conditions of the local population?
How did the exclusion of certain groups from well-paid positions in the administration contribute to the First War of Independence?
How did the exclusion of certain groups from well-paid positions in the administration contribute to the First War of Independence?
What was the key outcome of the Battle of Buxar in 1764 regarding British territorial control?
What was the key outcome of the Battle of Buxar in 1764 regarding British territorial control?
In what way did the resentment towards British rule culminate in the First War of Independence in 1857?
In what way did the resentment towards British rule culminate in the First War of Independence in 1857?
How did the loss of patronage for priests and scholars contribute to the growing tensions leading up to the 1857 revolt?
How did the loss of patronage for priests and scholars contribute to the growing tensions leading up to the 1857 revolt?
Flashcards
First War of Independence, 1857
First War of Independence, 1857
1857 revolt against British policies and actions, involving peasants, artisans and soldiers, shaking British government.
Policy of Expansion
Policy of Expansion
British policy of territorial expansion and annexation that caused grievances among Indian rulers.
Outright Wars
Outright Wars
Expanding power through direct battles, like the Battle of Buxar in 1764, which established British dominance.
British Conquest of India
British Conquest of India
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Impact of British Rule
Impact of British Rule
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First 100 Years of British Rule
First 100 Years of British Rule
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Other Expansion Methods
Other Expansion Methods
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Battle of Buxar (1764)
Battle of Buxar (1764)
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Study Notes
The Indian National Movement (1857-1917)
- This period and specifically, the First War of Independence in 1857, involves understanding the political, socio-religious, economic, and military causes and consequences.
- Events should be mentioned to maintain continuity and comprehension.
Background to the 1857 Uprising
- The British conquest of India began in the mid-18th century, leading to the consolidation of British rule.
- Indians from all societal levels, including kings, queens, peasants, landlords, tribals, and soldiers, resented British rule.
- Revolts against British policies occurred frequently before 1857.
- The revolts were localized and isolated events, not posing a significant threat, but established a tradition of resistance.
- Resentment culminated in the First War of Independence in 1857, involving millions of peasants, artisans, and soldiers.
- The 1857 uprising deeply affected the British government.
Causes of the First War of Independence
- The first century of British rule in India (1757-1857) saw British conquests and dominion expansion.
- British expansionist policies, economic exploitation, and administrative changes negatively impacted Indian society.
- Ruling classes lost power, peasants lost land rights, and artisans lost livelihoods.
- Middle and upper classes in northern India were excluded from high administrative posts, which caused annoyance.
- People involved in cultural or religious activities, such as priests and scholars, lost income due to loss of patrons.
- Indian rulers, princes, and zamindars lost authority.
- Indian soldiers in the Company army were discontent due to low pay, harsh conditions, and ill-treatment by British officers.
- By 1857, these conditions led to a mass uprising and the accumulated grievances resulted in the First War of Independence.
Political Causes
- Indian rulers were antagonized by the political reasons.
- A major grievance was the British policy of territorial expansion and annexation of native Indian states.
- The East India Company's territorial power increased rapidly since the Battle of Plassey in June 1757.
- The British expanded their political power through outright wars, the system of Subsidiary Alliance, the Doctrine of Lapse, and alleged misrule.
Expansion by Outright Wars
- The British waged wars against Indian rulers to expand territorial power and safeguard economic and political interests.
- The Battle of Buxar (1764) established the British as masters of Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha.
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