Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the main objective of the Direct Action Day?
What was the main objective of the Direct Action Day?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the Cabinet Mission Plan?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the Cabinet Mission Plan?
What was the role of the Indian National Army (INA) during World War II?
What was the role of the Indian National Army (INA) during World War II?
What was the significance of the Instrument of Accession signed by the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir?
What was the significance of the Instrument of Accession signed by the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir?
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What was the purpose of establishing parallel governments in regions like Ballia and Tamal during the Quit India Movement?
What was the purpose of establishing parallel governments in regions like Ballia and Tamal during the Quit India Movement?
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Which key event occurred on August 16, 1946, that contributed to the increasing communal tensions in India?
Which key event occurred on August 16, 1946, that contributed to the increasing communal tensions in India?
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What is the central message conveyed by the speaker in the content?
What is the central message conveyed by the speaker in the content?
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Which of the following is NOT a method used by the speaker to manage the overwhelming communication they are facing?
Which of the following is NOT a method used by the speaker to manage the overwhelming communication they are facing?
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Which movement was initiated in response to the British government's declaration of India's participation in World War II without consulting the Congress?
Which movement was initiated in response to the British government's declaration of India's participation in World War II without consulting the Congress?
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Who led the Chittagong Armoury Raid?
Who led the Chittagong Armoury Raid?
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What was the primary purpose of the Simon Commission?
What was the primary purpose of the Simon Commission?
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Which of the following leaders played a prominent role in the All India Kisan Sabha?
Which of the following leaders played a prominent role in the All India Kisan Sabha?
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Which session of the Indian National Congress marked the declaration of Purna Swaraj (complete independence) as the party's goal?
Which session of the Indian National Congress marked the declaration of Purna Swaraj (complete independence) as the party's goal?
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Which of the following was NOT a key figure in the Quit India Movement?
Which of the following was NOT a key figure in the Quit India Movement?
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Which session of the Indian National Congress saw the formation of the National Planning Committee with Jawaharlal Nehru as Chairman?
Which session of the Indian National Congress saw the formation of the National Planning Committee with Jawaharlal Nehru as Chairman?
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Which of the following accurately reflects the outcome of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?
Which of the following accurately reflects the outcome of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?
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Which of the following events led to the formation of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA)?
Which of the following events led to the formation of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA)?
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Which of the following leaders led the temple entry movement in South India?
Which of the following leaders led the temple entry movement in South India?
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The Communal Award primarily aimed to address what issue?
The Communal Award primarily aimed to address what issue?
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What was the primary goal behind the launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) in 1930?
What was the primary goal behind the launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) in 1930?
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Which of the following individuals was NOT involved in the Quit India Movement?
Which of the following individuals was NOT involved in the Quit India Movement?
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Who was the leader of the Muslim League when the 14 Points were proposed?
Who was the leader of the Muslim League when the 14 Points were proposed?
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What was the defining characteristic of the Faizpur Session of the Indian National Congress?
What was the defining characteristic of the Faizpur Session of the Indian National Congress?
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The Congress Socialist Party was formed with the objective of:
The Congress Socialist Party was formed with the objective of:
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Who is often referred to as the Father of Indian Nationalism?
Who is often referred to as the Father of Indian Nationalism?
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What was the first session of the Indian National Congress presided over by?
What was the first session of the Indian National Congress presided over by?
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In what year was the Indian National Congress founded?
In what year was the Indian National Congress founded?
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Which Indian leader presided over the second session of the Indian National Congress?
Which Indian leader presided over the second session of the Indian National Congress?
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Which theory suggests that the Indian National Congress served as a 'Safety Valve' for the British to release pressure?
Which theory suggests that the Indian National Congress served as a 'Safety Valve' for the British to release pressure?
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Which resolution was passed during the twentieth session of the Indian National Congress in 1905?
Which resolution was passed during the twentieth session of the Indian National Congress in 1905?
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Which session marked the first time 'Vande Mataram' was sung?
Which session marked the first time 'Vande Mataram' was sung?
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What major event occurred during the twenty-second session held in Surat in 1907?
What major event occurred during the twenty-second session held in Surat in 1907?
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Who was the only leader to preside over a Congress session in 1924?
Who was the only leader to preside over a Congress session in 1924?
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What was the primary result of the Non-Cooperation Movement initiated by Gandhi in 1920?
What was the primary result of the Non-Cooperation Movement initiated by Gandhi in 1920?
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Which act aimed to provide equal legal standing to Indians but sparked racial discrimination controversy?
Which act aimed to provide equal legal standing to Indians but sparked racial discrimination controversy?
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Which session was marked by the declaration of Purna Swaraj?
Which session was marked by the declaration of Purna Swaraj?
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Which event involved the assassination of a British Commissioner by the Chapekar Brothers?
Which event involved the assassination of a British Commissioner by the Chapekar Brothers?
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What was the primary focus of the Wood's Dispatch of 1854?
What was the primary focus of the Wood's Dispatch of 1854?
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Which important law aimed to protect factory workers' conditions?
Which important law aimed to protect factory workers' conditions?
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What was the major consequence of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 1919?
What was the major consequence of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 1919?
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Who presided over the first Congress session held in a village?
Who presided over the first Congress session held in a village?
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What was the intention behind the Khilafat Movement launched in 1919?
What was the intention behind the Khilafat Movement launched in 1919?
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Which governor general implemented Dyer's dual rule?
Which governor general implemented Dyer's dual rule?
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Which event marked Bal Gangadhar Tilak's significant role in promoting national awareness?
Which event marked Bal Gangadhar Tilak's significant role in promoting national awareness?
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Which legislation reversed Dyer's dual rule and bicameral legislature in India?
Which legislation reversed Dyer's dual rule and bicameral legislature in India?
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What was a key outcome of the Champaran Satyagraha initiated by Gandhi?
What was a key outcome of the Champaran Satyagraha initiated by Gandhi?
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Which movement involved significant police violence and led to the revocation of the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Which movement involved significant police violence and led to the revocation of the Non-Cooperation Movement?
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Study Notes
Early Associations Before the Indian National Congress
- Bang Bhasha was founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
- East India Association was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in London.
- Rahnumai Mazduran Sabha was formed by Dadabhai Naoroji, Daunji, and S.S. Bengali.
- Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was founded by MG Ranade in 1870.
- Indian League was formed in 1875 by Shyamji Krishna Verma in London.
- Indian National Association was formed in 1876 by Surendranath Banerjea and Anand Mohan Bose.
- Bombay Presidency Association was formed in 1885 by KT Telang, Ferozeshah Mehta, and Badruddin Tyabji.
- Madras Mahajan Sabha was formed by prominent Madras leaders.
Indian National Congress
- Founded in 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume, often referred to as the Father of Indian Nationalism.
- The first session was held in 1885 at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay, with 72 delegates attending.
- Womesh Chandra Banerjee presided over the first session.
- Gokuldas Tejpal was the first president of Congress.
- Different theories regarding the formation of the Congress:
- Safety Valve Theory by Lala Lajpat Rai.
- Conspiracy Theory by R.P. Dutt.
- Government Conductor Theory by Gopal Krishna Gokhale and other liberals.
- 1886: The second session was held in Calcutta, with Dadabhai Naoroji as President.
- 1887: The third session was held in Madras, with Badruddin Tyabji presiding, the first Muslim Congress president.
- 1888: The fourth session was held in Allahabad.
- 1892: The eighth session was held in Calcutta; Vande Mataram was sung for the first time. Written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, based on the novel Anand Math.
- 1905: The twentieth session was held in Benares; Gopal Krishna Gokhale presided; The Swadeshi Resolution was passed.
- 1906: The twenty-first session was held in Calcutta; Dadabhai Naoroji presided; Four resolutions passed, including Swaraj, Swadeshi, boycott, and National Education.
- 1907: The twenty-second session was held in Surat; R.B. Ghosh presided; The Surat Split occurred between Moderates and Extremists.
- 1911: The twenty-seventh session was held in Calcutta; The national anthem, Jana Gana Mana, written by Rabindranath Tagore, was first sung.
- 1916: The thirty-first session was held in Lucknow; Ambika Charan Mazumdar presided; The Lucknow Pact between INC and Muslim League was passed.
- 1917: The thirty-second session was held in Calcutta; Annie Besant, the first woman Congress president, presided.
- 1924: The thirty-ninth session was held in Belgaum, Karnataka; Mahatma Gandhi presided, the only time he did so.
- 1925: The fortieth session was held in Kanpur; Sarojini Naidu, the first Indian woman Congress president, presided.
- 1929: The forty-fourth session was held in Lahore; Jawaharlal Nehru presided; The demand for Purna Swaraj (complete independence) was declared.
- 1931: The forty-sixth session was held in Karachi.
- 1937: The forty-ninth session was held in Faizpur; Jawaharlal Nehru presided; The first Congress session held in a village.
- 1946: The fifty-first session was held in Meerut; J.B. Kripalani presided.
Important Governor Generals and their Time Periods:
- Lord Auckland
- Lord William Bentinck
- Lord Dalhousie
- Lord Mayo
- Lord Ripon
- Lord Curzon
- Lord Harding
Important Laws and Policies
- Sati Abolition Act (1829)
- McAuley Minute (1835): emphasized English as the medium of instruction.
- Wood's Dispatch (1854): negated the Downward Filtration Theory and advocated for vernacular language education.
- Ilbert Bill (1883): sparked controversy over racial discrimination, but aimed to provide equal legal standing to Indians.
- Hunter Education Commission (1882): reviewed the state of education in India.
- Factory Act (1881): aimed to protect working conditions of factory workers.
- Partition of Bengal (1905): politically motivated to weaken Bengal.
- Morley-Minto Reforms (1909): introduced separate electorates for Muslims.
- Government of India Act of 1919
Key Events & Movements
- Shivaji Maharaj Festival (1892): organized by Bal Gangadhar Tilak to promote national awareness in Maharashtra.
- Chapekar Brothers (1897): implicated in the assassination of Commissioner Rand.
- Mitra Mela (Pune 1897): a gathering led by Savarkar.
- Gadar Party (1913): formed in San Francisco by Lala Hardayal, Sohan Singh, Bhai Parmanand, and others.
- Komagata Maru Incident (1914): concerning a ship carrying Sikh passengers from Hong Kong, denied entry in Canada and leading to a violent confrontation.
- Berlin Committee (1915): revolutionary organization led by Virendranath Chattopadhyay.
- Home Rule League (1916): founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant in separate branches, Tilak (Maharashtra), Besant (Madras).
- Champaran Satyagraha (1917): launched by Mahatma Gandhi against the Tinkathia system forcing indigo cultivation.
- Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918): Gandhiji intervened to support mill workers demanding higher wages.
- Kheda Satyagraha (1918): launched by Mahatma Gandhi in response to drought and revenue demands.
- Alipore Bomb Conspiracy Case (1908): involved the bombing of a magistrate in Muzaffarpur by Praful Chaki and Khudiram Bose.
... (rest of the existing sections remain the same)
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Description
Test your knowledge about the early associations leading up to the formation of the Indian National Congress. This quiz covers the important founding figures and events that shaped Indian nationalism and the Congress's inception in 1885.
