Indian National Congress History Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What was the main objective of the Direct Action Day?

  • To demand a separate nation for Muslims (correct)
  • To protest against the British Raj
  • To call for a unified India
  • To support the Cabinet Mission Plan

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Cabinet Mission Plan?

  • It advocated for a unitary government system for India.
  • It proposed a complete transfer of power to India without any conditions.
  • It aimed to resolve constitutional issues and prepare India for independence. (correct)
  • It called for the immediate partition of India into India and Pakistan.

What was the role of the Indian National Army (INA) during World War II?

  • The INA fought alongside the British against the Axis powers.
  • The INA collaborated solely with the Japanese against the British.
  • The INA was a neutral force that did not participate in the war.
  • The INA fought against both the British and the Japanese. (correct)

What was the significance of the Instrument of Accession signed by the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir?

<p>It formally joined Jammu and Kashmir to India. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of establishing parallel governments in regions like Ballia and Tamal during the Quit India Movement?

<p>To resist British rule and establish independent governance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which key event occurred on August 16, 1946, that contributed to the increasing communal tensions in India?

<p>The observance of the Direct Action Day by the Muslim League. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central message conveyed by the speaker in the content?

<p>The speaker is feeling stressed due to a large number of messages. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method used by the speaker to manage the overwhelming communication they are facing?

<p>Ignoring messages and focusing on their own priorities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which movement was initiated in response to the British government's declaration of India's participation in World War II without consulting the Congress?

<p>Individual Satyagraha (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who led the Chittagong Armoury Raid?

<p>Surya Sen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Simon Commission?

<p>To assess the progress of constitutional reforms in India (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following leaders played a prominent role in the All India Kisan Sabha?

<p>Sahajanand Saraswati (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which session of the Indian National Congress marked the declaration of Purna Swaraj (complete independence) as the party's goal?

<p>Lahore Session (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a key figure in the Quit India Movement?

<p>Subhash Chandra Bose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which session of the Indian National Congress saw the formation of the National Planning Committee with Jawaharlal Nehru as Chairman?

<p>Tripuri Session (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately reflects the outcome of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?

<p>The Congress agreed to participate in the Second Round Table Conference. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following events led to the formation of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA)?

<p>The Kakori Train Robbery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following leaders led the temple entry movement in South India?

<p>E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Communal Award primarily aimed to address what issue?

<p>The representation of Dalits in the legislative assemblies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal behind the launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) in 1930?

<p>To challenge the British salt monopoly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following individuals was NOT involved in the Quit India Movement?

<p>Sarojini Naidu (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the leader of the Muslim League when the 14 Points were proposed?

<p>Mohammed Ali Jinnah (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the defining characteristic of the Faizpur Session of the Indian National Congress?

<p>It was the first session held outside of a major city (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Congress Socialist Party was formed with the objective of:

<p>Advocating for complete independence through socialist principles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is often referred to as the Father of Indian Nationalism?

<p>Allan Octavian Hume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the first session of the Indian National Congress presided over by?

<p>Womesh Chandra Banerjee (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the Indian National Congress founded?

<p>1885 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Indian leader presided over the second session of the Indian National Congress?

<p>Dadabhai Naoroji (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that the Indian National Congress served as a 'Safety Valve' for the British to release pressure?

<p>Safety Valve Theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which resolution was passed during the twentieth session of the Indian National Congress in 1905?

<p>Swadeshi Resolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which session marked the first time 'Vande Mataram' was sung?

<p>Eighth session (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major event occurred during the twenty-second session held in Surat in 1907?

<p>Surat Split (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the only leader to preside over a Congress session in 1924?

<p>Mahatma Gandhi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary result of the Non-Cooperation Movement initiated by Gandhi in 1920?

<p>Merging with the Khilafat Movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which act aimed to provide equal legal standing to Indians but sparked racial discrimination controversy?

<p>Ilbert Bill (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which session was marked by the declaration of Purna Swaraj?

<p>Forty-fourth session in Lahore (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event involved the assassination of a British Commissioner by the Chapekar Brothers?

<p>Alipore Bomb Conspiracy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Wood's Dispatch of 1854?

<p>Introduction of English as the medium of instruction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which important law aimed to protect factory workers' conditions?

<p>Factory Act (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the major consequence of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 1919?

<p>Rise of the Non-Cooperation Movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who presided over the first Congress session held in a village?

<p>Jawaharlal Nehru (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the intention behind the Khilafat Movement launched in 1919?

<p>Protesting the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which governor general implemented Dyer's dual rule?

<p>Lord Curzon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event marked Bal Gangadhar Tilak's significant role in promoting national awareness?

<p>Shivaji Maharaj Festival (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which legislation reversed Dyer's dual rule and bicameral legislature in India?

<p>Government of India Act of 1935 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key outcome of the Champaran Satyagraha initiated by Gandhi?

<p>Advocacy for farmers' rights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which movement involved significant police violence and led to the revocation of the Non-Cooperation Movement?

<p>Chauri Chaura Massacre (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Parallel Governments

Governments set up in areas like Ballia during the Quit India Movement.

Indian National Army (INA)

Army formed in Singapore in 1942 to fight against British colonialism.

Cabinet Mission Plan

1946 plan to prepare India for independence with a federal structure.

Direct Action Day

August 16, 1946, a day marked by the Muslim League advocating for a separate Muslim state.

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Indian Independence Act

1947 law granting independence to India and Pakistan, allowing princely states to decide accession.

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Jammu and Kashmir

Region where the Maharaja initially declared independence but signed India's accession due to invasion.

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Maharaja's Instrument of Accession

Document signed by the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir joining India after invasion.

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Communications Overwhelm

Feeling of anxiety due to excessive messages and inability to respond timely.

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Jana Gana Mana

The national anthem of India, written by Rabindranath Tagore.

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Lucknow Pact

A political agreement between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League.

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First woman presiding over Congress session

Annie Besant was the first woman to preside over a Congress session in 1917.

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Purna Swaraj

The demand for complete independence from British rule, declared in 1929.

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Gandhi's first presiding session

Mahatma Gandhi presided over the Congress session in 1924 in Belgaum.

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Sati Abolition Act

Legislation passed in 1829 to prohibit the practice of Sati.

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Rowlatt Act

A 1919 act allowing imprisonment without trial for suspected rebels.

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Khilafat Movement

Launched in 1919, aimed to protect the Ottoman Caliphate.

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Non-Cooperation Movement

A movement initiated by Gandhi in 1920 for self-rule against British rule.

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Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

April 13, 1919, massacre of civilians by British troops in Amritsar.

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Champaran Satyagraha

A 1917 protest against the oppressive Tinkathia system in Bihar led by Gandhi.

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Malabar Revolt

A 1921 uprising in Kerala against landlords escalating into a communal conflict.

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Government of India Act 1935

An act that defined India's governance structure and reversed dual rule.

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Berlin Committee

A revolutionary organization formed in 1915, led by Virendranath Chattopadhyay.

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Chauri Chaura Massacre

A 1922 incident where a police station was burned, leading Gandhi to pause the Non-Cooperation Movement.

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Communist Party of India

Formed in 1920 in Tashkent, formalized in 1925 in Kanpur.

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All India Trade Union Congress

Established in 1920, Lala Rajpat Rai was a key figure.

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Caste Movement

Led by E.V.Ramaswamy Naicker in South India, included temple entry movement.

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Hindustan Republican Association

Formed in 1924, reorganized to HSRA in 1928; involved in Kakori Train Robbery.

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Chittagong Armoury Raid

Occurred in 1930 under Surya Sen's leadership.

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Simon Commission

Formed in 1927, met protests for lacking Indian representation.

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The 14 Points

Proposed by Jinnah, outlined safeguards for Muslims in India.

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Civil Disobedience Movement

Launched in 1930, marked by Gandhiji's Dandi March.

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Gandhi-Irwin Pact

Signed in 1933, led to the suspension of the CDM.

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Communal Award

Announced in 1932, provided separate electorates for Dalits and Muslims.

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All India Kisan Sabha

Formed in 1936, led by Sahajanand Saraswati to address farmers' issues.

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Cripps Mission

Sent to India in 1942 to offer dominion status post-war, rejected by Congress.

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Quit India Movement

Launched in 1942, Aruna Asaf Ali was a key leader.

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Bang Bhasha

A literary movement founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

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Indian National Congress

Political party founded in 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume.

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Safety Valve Theory

Theory suggesting Congress was a channel for nationalist feelings.

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Gokuldas Tejpal

First president of the Indian National Congress (1885).

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Surat Split

Division in 1907 between Moderates and Extremists in Congress.

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Vande Mataram

Patriotic song first sung in Congress in 1892.

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Swadeshi Resolution

Resolution passed in 1905 promoting indigenous goods.

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Dadabhai Naoroji

First Indian to preside over Congress session, in 1886.

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Study Notes

Early Associations Before the Indian National Congress

  • Bang Bhasha was founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
  • East India Association was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in London.
  • Rahnumai Mazduran Sabha was formed by Dadabhai Naoroji, Daunji, and S.S. Bengali.
  • Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was founded by MG Ranade in 1870.
  • Indian League was formed in 1875 by Shyamji Krishna Verma in London.
  • Indian National Association was formed in 1876 by Surendranath Banerjea and Anand Mohan Bose.
  • Bombay Presidency Association was formed in 1885 by KT Telang, Ferozeshah Mehta, and Badruddin Tyabji.
  • Madras Mahajan Sabha was formed by prominent Madras leaders.

Indian National Congress

  • Founded in 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume, often referred to as the Father of Indian Nationalism.
  • The first session was held in 1885 at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay, with 72 delegates attending.
  • Womesh Chandra Banerjee presided over the first session.
  • Gokuldas Tejpal was the first president of Congress.
  • Different theories regarding the formation of the Congress:
    • Safety Valve Theory by Lala Lajpat Rai.
    • Conspiracy Theory by R.P. Dutt.
    • Government Conductor Theory by Gopal Krishna Gokhale and other liberals.
  • 1886: The second session was held in Calcutta, with Dadabhai Naoroji as President.
  • 1887: The third session was held in Madras, with Badruddin Tyabji presiding, the first Muslim Congress president.
  • 1888: The fourth session was held in Allahabad.
  • 1892: The eighth session was held in Calcutta; Vande Mataram was sung for the first time. Written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, based on the novel Anand Math.
  • 1905: The twentieth session was held in Benares; Gopal Krishna Gokhale presided; The Swadeshi Resolution was passed.
  • 1906: The twenty-first session was held in Calcutta; Dadabhai Naoroji presided; Four resolutions passed, including Swaraj, Swadeshi, boycott, and National Education.
  • 1907: The twenty-second session was held in Surat; R.B. Ghosh presided; The Surat Split occurred between Moderates and Extremists.
  • 1911: The twenty-seventh session was held in Calcutta; The national anthem, Jana Gana Mana, written by Rabindranath Tagore, was first sung.
  • 1916: The thirty-first session was held in Lucknow; Ambika Charan Mazumdar presided; The Lucknow Pact between INC and Muslim League was passed.
  • 1917: The thirty-second session was held in Calcutta; Annie Besant, the first woman Congress president, presided.
  • 1924: The thirty-ninth session was held in Belgaum, Karnataka; Mahatma Gandhi presided, the only time he did so.
  • 1925: The fortieth session was held in Kanpur; Sarojini Naidu, the first Indian woman Congress president, presided.
  • 1929: The forty-fourth session was held in Lahore; Jawaharlal Nehru presided; The demand for Purna Swaraj (complete independence) was declared.
  • 1931: The forty-sixth session was held in Karachi.
  • 1937: The forty-ninth session was held in Faizpur; Jawaharlal Nehru presided; The first Congress session held in a village.
  • 1946: The fifty-first session was held in Meerut; J.B. Kripalani presided.

Important Governor Generals and their Time Periods:

  • Lord Auckland
  • Lord William Bentinck
  • Lord Dalhousie
  • Lord Mayo
  • Lord Ripon
  • Lord Curzon
  • Lord Harding

Important Laws and Policies

  • Sati Abolition Act (1829)
  • McAuley Minute (1835): emphasized English as the medium of instruction.
  • Wood's Dispatch (1854): negated the Downward Filtration Theory and advocated for vernacular language education.
  • Ilbert Bill (1883): sparked controversy over racial discrimination, but aimed to provide equal legal standing to Indians.
  • Hunter Education Commission (1882): reviewed the state of education in India.
  • Factory Act (1881): aimed to protect working conditions of factory workers.
  • Partition of Bengal (1905): politically motivated to weaken Bengal.
  • Morley-Minto Reforms (1909): introduced separate electorates for Muslims.
  • Government of India Act of 1919

Key Events & Movements

  • Shivaji Maharaj Festival (1892): organized by Bal Gangadhar Tilak to promote national awareness in Maharashtra.
  • Chapekar Brothers (1897): implicated in the assassination of Commissioner Rand.
  • Mitra Mela (Pune 1897): a gathering led by Savarkar.
  • Gadar Party (1913): formed in San Francisco by Lala Hardayal, Sohan Singh, Bhai Parmanand, and others.
  • Komagata Maru Incident (1914): concerning a ship carrying Sikh passengers from Hong Kong, denied entry in Canada and leading to a violent confrontation.
  • Berlin Committee (1915): revolutionary organization led by Virendranath Chattopadhyay.
  • Home Rule League (1916): founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant in separate branches, Tilak (Maharashtra), Besant (Madras).
  • Champaran Satyagraha (1917): launched by Mahatma Gandhi against the Tinkathia system forcing indigo cultivation.
  • Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918): Gandhiji intervened to support mill workers demanding higher wages.
  • Kheda Satyagraha (1918): launched by Mahatma Gandhi in response to drought and revenue demands.
  • Alipore Bomb Conspiracy Case (1908): involved the bombing of a magistrate in Muzaffarpur by Praful Chaki and Khudiram Bose.

... (rest of the existing sections remain the same)

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