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Questions and Answers
What was the main reason behind the British annexation of Indian states during the Doctrine of Lapse?
What was the main reason behind the British annexation of Indian states during the Doctrine of Lapse?
Who founded the Indian National Congress in 1885?
Who founded the Indian National Congress in 1885?
What was the main objective of the Non-Cooperation Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi?
What was the main objective of the Non-Cooperation Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi?
Who was the leader of the Indian National Army during World War II?
Who was the leader of the Indian National Army during World War II?
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What was the outcome of the Quit India Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi?
What was the outcome of the Quit India Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi?
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What was the significance of the Bengal Renaissance in Indian Modern History?
What was the significance of the Bengal Renaissance in Indian Modern History?
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What was the main objective of the Social Reform Movements in Indian Modern History?
What was the main objective of the Social Reform Movements in Indian Modern History?
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Who was executed for their role in the Lahore Conspiracy Case?
Who was executed for their role in the Lahore Conspiracy Case?
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What was the significance of the Indian Independence Act of 1947?
What was the significance of the Indian Independence Act of 1947?
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Who played a key role in the Indian National Congress and later became India's first Prime Minister?
Who played a key role in the Indian National Congress and later became India's first Prime Minister?
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Study Notes
Indian Modern History
British Colonization (1757-1857)
- Battle of Plassey (1757): British East India Company defeats Siraj-ud-Daula, marking the beginning of British rule in India
- Doctrine of Lapse (1848): British annex Indian states whose rulers died without a male heir
- Revolts and Uprisings: Various regional rebellions, including the Sepoy Mutiny (1857), ultimately suppressed by the British
Indian National Movement (1857-1947)
- Indian National Congress (1885): Founded by A.O. Hume, with the aim of achieving Indian independence through peaceful means
- Partition of Bengal (1905): British divide Bengal into Hindu and Muslim regions, sparking widespread protests
- Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922): Led by Mahatma Gandhi, emphasizing non-violent resistance to British rule
- Quit India Movement (1942): Gandhi's call for immediate independence, resulting in mass arrests and protests
- Indian Independence Act (1947): Britain grants independence to India, with the country dividing into India and Pakistan
Notable Leaders and Their Roles
- Mahatma Gandhi: Led non-violent movements, emphasizing civil disobedience and non-cooperation
- Jawaharlal Nehru: Played a key role in the Indian National Congress, later becoming India's first Prime Minister
- Subhas Chandra Bose: Led the Indian National Army, allied with the Axis powers during World War II
- Bhagat Singh: Participated in the Indian independence movement, executed for his role in the Lahore Conspiracy Case
Social and Cultural Developments
- Social Reform Movements: Efforts to eradicate social evils like sati, child marriage, and untouchability
- Bengal Renaissance: Cultural and literary revival in Bengal, led by figures like Rabindranath Tagore and Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
- Women's Participation: Increased involvement of women in the Indian independence movement, with figures like Rani Lakshmibai and Sarojini Naidu
British Colonization (1757-1857)
- Battle of Plassey: A pivotal encounter where the British East India Company defeated Siraj-ud-Daula, initiating the era of British colonial rule in India.
- Doctrine of Lapse: A policy that allowed the British to annex Indian territories if the ruler died without a male heir, leading to significant territorial expansion by the British.
- Sepoy Mutiny: A major uprising in 1857 against British rule, representing a widespread discontent among Indian soldiers and local rulers, ultimately suppressed by the British military.
Indian National Movement (1857-1947)
- Indian National Congress: Established in 1885 by A.O. Hume, aimed to secure Indian self-governance through peaceful advocacy and reform.
- Partition of Bengal: In 1905, the British divided Bengal along religious lines, igniting significant resistance and protests across the region.
- Non-Cooperation Movement: (1920-1922) A mass protest led by Mahatma Gandhi, advocating for non-violent resistance and a boycott of British goods and institutions.
- Quit India Movement: Launched in 1942, this was a decisive campaign by Gandhi for India's immediate independence, resulting in large-scale arrests and widespread civil disobedience.
- Indian Independence Act: Enacted in 1947, this legislation marked the end of British rule and the division of India into two independent nations, India and Pakistan.
Notable Leaders and Their Roles
- Mahatma Gandhi: Prominent leader known for his philosophy of non-violent resistance and civil disobedience, profoundly influencing the Indian independence struggle.
- Jawaharlal Nehru: A key figure in the Congress Party, who became the first Prime Minister of independent India, advocating for democratic socialist policies.
- Subhas Chandra Bose: Leader of the Indian National Army, sought to liberate India through alliance with Axis powers during World War II, emphasizing armed struggle against British rule.
- Bhagat Singh: A revolutionary figure who became a symbol of resistance; he was executed for his involvement in the Lahore Conspiracy, stirring nationalistic fervor.
Social and Cultural Developments
- Social Reform Movements: Aimed at combating social injustices such as sati (widow burning), child marriage, and the practice of untouchability, leading to increased awareness and reform initiatives.
- Bengal Renaissance: A cultural renewal in Bengal, showcasing notable intellectual figures like Rabindranath Tagore and Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, emphasizing literature, arts, and education.
- Women's Participation: Women played a vital role in the independence movement, with figures such as Rani Lakshmibai representing resistance and Sarojini Naidu advocating for rights and social reforms.
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Test your knowledge of Indian Modern History, covering British Colonization and the Indian National Movement from 1757 to 1947.
