Indian History Quiz: Social Reformers & Independence
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Questions and Answers

What were some key contributions made by Indian social reformers in the 19th century?

Indian social reformers contributed by improving women's conditions, promoting modern education, and fighting against superstitious practices like sati and child marriage.

What were the main objectives of the Indian National Congress when it was formed?

The Indian National Congress aimed to unite Indians politically, fight against British rule progressively, and demand greater participation of Indians in the administration.

Why did the British Government divide Bengal in 1905?

The British divided Bengal to weaken Hindu-Muslim unity under the guise of administrative efficiency, following a 'divide and rule' policy.

What was the purpose of the Swadeshi movement during 1905-1908?

<p>The Swadeshi movement aimed to encourage Indians to use goods made in India and to stop relying on British products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define satyagraha and its principles as proposed by Mahatma Gandhi.

<p>Satyagraha is a method of non-violent protest based on truth. Its principles emphasize truthfulness, peacefulness, and rejecting injustice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Rowlatt Act, and what power did it grant to the British Government?

<p>The Rowlatt Act, passed in 1919, allowed the British Government to imprison individuals without trial or judicial oversight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Indian social reformers advocate for women's rights?

<p>Indian social reformers advocated for women's rights by pushing for improvements in their social conditions and education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the INC play in the Indian struggle for independence?

<p>The INC played a crucial role by organizing political activism and representing Indian interests against British colonial policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the public reaction to the Rowlatt Act?

<p>The public reaction to the Rowlatt Act was one of anger and protest, as many saw it as a violation of their rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways did the Swadeshi movement impact the Indian economy?

<p>The Swadeshi movement aimed to boost the Indian economy by promoting local industries and reducing dependence on British goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggered Mahatma Gandhi to suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement?

<p>The violent incident at Chauri Chaura on February 5, 1922, where 22 policemen were killed, led Gandhi to suspend the movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were some of the freedom fighters that resorted to armed revolution after 1922?

<p>Prominent freedom fighters included Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Jatin Das, Rajguru, and B.K. Dutt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of the Quit India Movement?

<p>The Quit India Movement aimed to achieve complete independence for India from British rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the factors that affect the climate of a place.

<p>Factors include distance from the Equator, altitude, direction of winds, temperature, humidity, rainfall, and distance from the sea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the distance from the Equator influence a place's climate?

<p>Generally, the further a place is from the Equator, the cooler its climate tends to be due to varying sunlight exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which latitude lies at the center of the Torrid zone and what type of climate does it have?

<p>The Equator passes through the middle of the Torrid zone, which has a hot, humid, and wet climate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the extent of the Frigid zone in both hemispheres?

<p>In the Northern Hemisphere, the Frigid zone extends from 66.5 degrees North to the North Pole; in the Southern Hemisphere, it extends from 66.5 degrees South to the South Pole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define the three major temperature zones of the Earth.

<p>The three major temperature zones are the Torrid Zone, Temperate Zone, and Frigid Zone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are land and sea breezes, and how do they differ?

<p>Land breezes occur when air cools over land and moves to the sea, while sea breezes happen when cooler air from the sea moves inland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence play in the Indian freedom struggle?

<p>Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence was central to mobilizing masses for independence without resorting to armed conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the main methods used by Indian social reformers to promote education?

<p>Indian social reformers encouraged the establishment of educational institutions and advocated for access to modern education for all, especially women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Indian National Congress aim to engage with the British administration?

<p>The INC aimed to engage the British administration by seeking greater representation for Indians and advocating for gradual political reforms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of the Swadeshi movement in the context of Indian nationalism.

<p>The Swadeshi movement was significant as it fostered national unity and economic self-reliance by encouraging the use of locally produced goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How was satyagraha a reflection of Mahatma Gandhi's principles?

<p>Satyagraha embodied Gandhi's principles of truth and non-violence, advocating for peaceful resistance against injustice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the Rowlatt Act have on Indian political consciousness?

<p>The Rowlatt Act heightened political awareness and mobilization among Indians, leading to widespread protests against oppressive British policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event led Mahatma Gandhi to take responsibility and suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement?

<p>The Chauri Chaura incident where a police chowki was set ablaze, resulting in the death of 22 policemen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify two significant freedom fighters associated with the armed revolution against British rule post-1922.

<p>Bhagat Singh and Chandra Shekhar Azad.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the long-term effects of the division of Bengal in 1905?

<p>The division of Bengal instigated a strong nationalist movement and fostered communal tensions, ultimately leading to a greater demand for independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways did social reformers contribute to the fight against superstitions?

<p>Social reformers criticized traditional practices and promoted rational thinking through campaigns against superstitions like sati and child marriage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Quit India Movement initiated by Mahatma Gandhi?

<p>To achieve complete Independence for India from British rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the INC play in the early 20th century in relation to the British government?

<p>The INC acted as a platform for expressing Indian grievances and demands for political rights, gradually advocating for independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two factors that influence the climate of a region.

<p>Altitude and distance from the sea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how altitude affects climate.

<p>Higher altitudes generally result in cooler temperatures and lower atmospheric pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Swadeshi movement contribute to the economic landscape of India?

<p>The Swadeshi movement promoted the development of indigenous industries and significantly reduced reliance on foreign goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What actions did the INC take to demand greater freedom of speech and expression?

<p>The INC organized protests and made petitions to the British government, advocating for civil rights including freedom of speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of climate characterizes the Torrid Zone?

<p>The Torrid Zone has a hot, humid, and often wet climate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

State the geographical limits of the Northern Frigid Zone.

<p>It extends from the Arctic Circle (66.5 degrees North) to the North Pole (90 degrees North).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between a land breeze and a sea breeze.

<p>A land breeze occurs when air moves from land to sea, usually at night, while a sea breeze moves from sea to land during the day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influence does the distance from the Equator have on climate?

<p>The climate typically becomes cooler and more variable as one moves away from the Equator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event led Mahatma Gandhi to take responsibility for the violence associated with the Non-Cooperation Movement?

<p>The violence at Chauri Chaura on 5th February 1922, where 22 policemen were killed, led Gandhi to take responsibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were some of the prominent figures that engaged in armed revolution against British rule post-1922?

<p>Prominent figures included Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Jatin Das, Rajguru, and B.K.Dutt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Mahatma Gandhi's primary goal when he initiated the Quit India Movement?

<p>The primary goal was to achieve complete independence for India from British rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the factors that contribute to the climate of a particular region.

<p>Factors include distance from the Equator, altitude, direction of winds, temperature, humidity, rainfall, and distance from the sea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did social reformers challenge traditional practices in India during their movement?

<p>Social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Swami Vivekananda challenged traditional practices by advocating for women's rights and promoting modern education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the climate characteristics of the Torrid zone.

<p>The Torrid zone is characterized by very hot, humid, and wet climate conditions, with the Equator running through its center.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Indian National Congress in uniting diverse Indian communities?

<p>The Indian National Congress played a crucial role in uniting diverse Indian communities by providing a platform for collective political action against British rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

State the geographical boundaries of the Frigid zone in both hemispheres.

<p>In the Northern Hemisphere, it extends from the Arctic Circle (66.5 degrees North) to the North Pole (90 degrees North), and in the Southern Hemisphere, from the Antarctic Circle (66.5 degrees South) to the South Pole (90 degrees South).</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways did the British portrayal of the division of Bengal as a necessity reflect their political strategy?

<p>The British claimed that dividing Bengal was necessary for better administration, but it actually aimed to weaken Hindu-Muslim unity and implement a 'divide and rule' policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three major temperature zones of the Earth based on sunlight received?

<p>The three major temperature zones are the Torrid Zone, Temperate Zone, and Frigid Zone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the Swadeshi movement have on Indian manufacturing industries?

<p>The Swadeshi movement encouraged the use of locally-made goods, stimulating the growth of Indian manufacturing industries and reducing dependence on British products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does altitude influence the climate of a place?

<p>Higher altitudes typically result in cooler temperatures and can affect precipitation patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the philosophy of satyagraha influence the strategies used in the Indian freedom struggle?

<p>Satyagraha, based on truth and non-violence, influenced freedom struggle strategies by advocating peaceful resistance against unjust laws and actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a land breeze from a sea breeze?

<p>A land breeze occurs when cooler air flows from the land to the sea at night, while a sea breeze occurs when cooler air moves from the sea to the land during the day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do temperature, humidity, and rainfall interact to shape a region's climate?

<p>The levels of temperature, humidity, and rainfall influence the humidity content and overall climatic conditions, affecting vegetation and human activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Rowlatt Act play in the escalation of Indian discontent towards British rule?

<p>The Rowlatt Act, which allowed imprisonment without trial, intensified Indian discontent by violating civil liberties, leading to mass protests and unrest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which social issues were addressed by Indian reformers in their fight for women's rights?

<p>Indian reformers addressed issues like child marriage and the need for women's education, advocating for their rights and dignity in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was the year 1885 significant in the context of Indian nationalism?

<p>The year 1885 marked the formation of the Indian National Congress, which became a pivotal organization in the fight for India's independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the immediate reactions of Indian leaders to the Rowlatt Act?

<p>Indian leaders reacted strongly against the Rowlatt Act, organizing protests and rallies to voice their dissent, which escalated to widespread demonstrations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the economic implications of the Swadeshi movement on British imports to India.

<p>The Swadeshi movement aimed to boycott British goods, leading to a decline in British imports and promoting local industries in India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What actions did Mahatma Gandhi take after the violence at Chauri Chaura?

<p>Mahatma Gandhi took responsibility for the violence and suspended the Non-Cooperation Movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the key figures leading the armed revolution against British rule post-1922?

<p>Key figures included Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Jatin Das, Rajguru, and B.K. Dutt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary aim of the Quit India Movement initiated by Gandhi?

<p>The primary aim was to achieve complete independence for India from British rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two factors that affect the climate of a specific place.

<p>Distance from the Equator and altitude of a place are two major factors affecting climate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Raja Ram Mohan Roy play in Indian social reform?

<p>Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a leading figure in Indian social reform who advocated for women's rights and the abolition of superstitious practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the impact of the Equator's location on the climate of the Torrid Zone.

<p>The Equator's location results in the Torrid Zone having a very hot, humid, and wet climate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Swadeshi movement influence Indian nationalism?

<p>The Swadeshi movement fostered a sense of national pride by encouraging the use of Indian goods and boycotting foreign products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the geographical extent of the Frigid Zone in the Northern Hemisphere?

<p>The Frigid Zone extends from the Arctic Circle (66.5 degrees North) to the North Pole (90 degrees North).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the characteristics of the Frigid Zone's climate.

<p>The Frigid Zone has extremely cold temperatures with long winters and short summers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context was the Rowlatt Act introduced, and what was its main feature?

<p>The Rowlatt Act was introduced in 1919 during a time of unrest, allowing the British to imprison individuals without trial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates a land breeze from a sea breeze?

<p>A land breeze occurs when air moves from land to sea at night, while a sea breeze moves from sea to land during the day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy did the INC adopt to gain political participation from Indians?

<p>The INC aimed to gradually increase political participation for Indians by advocating for reforms and greater representation in governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the significance of satyagraha in Gandhi's philosophy.

<p>Satyagraha was significant as it represented Gandhi's commitment to non-violence and truth in resisting injustice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Quit India Movement in the context of Indian independence?

<p>The Quit India Movement was a call for immediate independence, uniting diverse segments of Indian society against colonial rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did humidity play in the climate characteristics of the Torrid Zone?

<p>Humidity in the Torrid Zone contributes to its hot and wet climate, supporting diverse ecosystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was the division of Bengal a strategic move by the British?

<p>The division of Bengal in 1905 aimed to weaken Hindu-Muslim unity, thereby implementing the British policy of 'divide and rule.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Swadeshi movement on Indian products?

<p>The Swadeshi movement significantly increased the demand for Indian-made products, leading to a boost in local industries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify key leaders of the Indian social reform movement besides Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

<p>Key leaders included Swami Vivekananda and Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, who advocated for education and women's rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the consequences of the Rowlatt Act for Indian leaders?

<p>The Rowlatt Act led to the arrest of many leaders, igniting protests and widespread anger against British rule in India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the formation of the INC contributed to India's political landscape.

<p>The INC's formation provided a united platform for Indians to voice their political demands and mobilize against colonial practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prompted Mahatma Gandhi to take responsibility for the violence in Chauri Chaura?

<p>The violent incident in Chauri Chaura, where 22 policemen were killed, led Gandhi to halt the Non-Cooperation Movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify some prominent revolutionaries involved in armed resistance against British rule.

<p>Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Jatin Das, Rajguru, and B.K. Dutt were key figures in the armed revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the Quit India Movement initiated by Gandhi?

<p>The Quit India Movement aimed to achieve complete independence for India from British rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What climatic factors are influenced by a place's distance from the Equator?

<p>Distance from the Equator affects temperature, sunlight intensity, and seasonal variations in climate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the climate typical of the Torrid Zone.

<p>The Torrid Zone has a very hot, humid, and wet climate characterized by high temperatures and significant rainfall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the geographical limits of the Frigid Zone?

<p>In the Northern Hemisphere, it extends from the Arctic Circle (66.5 degrees North) to the North Pole (90 degrees North).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the three major temperature zones of Earth based on sunlight received.

<p>The three major temperature zones are the Torrid Zone, Temperate Zone, and Frigid Zone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do land breezes and sea breezes differ in their formation?

<p>Land breezes occur when the land cools faster than the sea at night, while sea breezes result from the land heating faster than the sea during the day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does altitude influence the climate of a region?

<p>Higher altitude generally results in cooler temperatures and lower air pressure, affecting weather patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Gandhi's leadership signal about the Indian independence movement?

<p>Gandhi's leadership marked a significant shift towards non-violent resistance and mass mobilization against British rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Raja Ram Mohan Roy play in the Indian social reform movement?

<p>Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a key figure in the Indian social reform movement, advocating for women's rights and the abolition of practices such as sati.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885?

<p>The formation of the Indian National Congress marked a crucial step in uniting Indians for political purposes and advocating for greater participation in governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the British justify the division of Bengal in 1905?

<p>The British justified the division of Bengal by claiming it was too large for efficient administration, although it aimed to weaken unity among Hindus and Muslims.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary aim of the Swadeshi movement?

<p>The primary aim of the Swadeshi movement was to promote the use of Indian-made goods and reduce dependence on British products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principles did satyagraha embody according to Mahatma Gandhi?

<p>Satyagraha embodied the principles of truth, non-violence, and moral resistance against injustice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What powers did the Rowlatt Act grant to the British government in 1919?

<p>The Rowlatt Act granted the British government the power to imprison individuals without a trial in a court of law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did Indian social reformers have on education in India?

<p>Indian social reformers significantly advocated for the spread of modern education, promoting equal opportunities for all, including women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways did the INC address the issue of freedom of speech?

<p>The INC demanded greater freedom of speech and political expression, pushing for reforms that would allow Indians to voice their concerns and participate in governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the main outcomes of the Rowlatt Act's implementation?

<p>The implementation of the Rowlatt Act led to widespread unrest, protests, and ultimately became a catalyst for the Indian independence movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Satyagraha

Mahatma Gandhi's non-violent protest movement aimed at achieving independence from British rule.

Chauri Chaura Incident

The incident where protesters set fire to a police station in Chauri Chaura, Uttar Pradesh, leading to the death of 22 policemen.

Armed Revolutionaries

A group of Indian freedom fighters who adopted armed resistance against the British in the 1920s.

Quit India Movement

The movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942, aiming to achieve complete independence for India from British rule.

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Torrid Zone

The region around the Equator experiencing high temperatures, humidity, and rainfall throughout the year.

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Distance from the Equator

The distance of a place from the Equator influences the amount of sunlight it receives, which ultimately affects its temperature and climate.

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Altitude

The height of a place above sea level is an important factor in determining its temperature and climate.

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Temperature Zones

The Earth is divided into three major temperature zones based on the amount of sunlight they receive. These zones include the Torrid, Temperate, and Frigid zones.

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Sea Breeze

A breeze that blows from the sea towards the land during the day, as the land heats up faster than the sea.

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Land Breeze

A breeze that blows from the land towards the sea during the night, as the land cools down faster than the sea.

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Swadeshi Movement

A movement that encouraged the use of Indian-made goods to promote economic independence and discourage British products.

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Rowlatt Act

A controversial act passed in 1919 that gave the British government the power to imprison individuals without trial or legal proceedings.

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Partition of Bengal

The controversial division of the Bengal province by the British in 1905, intended to weaken the unity of Hindus and Muslims.

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Indian National Congress (INC)

A political organization founded in 1885 with the goal of uniting Indians and demanding greater political participation and rights.

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Indian Social Reformers

Social reformers who aimed to improve women's lives, promote modern education, and fight against harmful practices like sati and child marriage.

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Contributions of Indian Social Reformers

The contributions of Indian social reformers included advocating for women's rights, promoting modern education, and challenging harmful customs.

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Aims of the INC

The INC aimed to unite Indians politically, fight for freedom from British rule, and demand increased participation in government.

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Why was the INC formed?

The main purposes of the INC were to unite Indians politically, fight for independence, and promote greater Indian participation in governance.

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Why did the British divide Bengal?

The British divided Bengal to implement their policy of "divide and rule" and weaken the unity of Hindus and Muslims in the region.

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Social Reforms in India

Indian social reformers aimed to improve women's lives by advocating for their rights and education, and fighting against harmful practices like sati (widow burning) and child marriage.

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British Divide and Rule in Bengal

The British divided Bengal in 1905, claiming it was too large to manage. However, the real goal was to weaken the unity of Hindus and Muslims in Bengal using the 'divide and rule' policy.

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The Swadeshi Movement

The Swadeshi movement, lasting from 1905-1908, encouraged the use of Indian-made goods to promote economic independence and discourage British products. It aimed to boost national pride and weaken British economic control.

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What is Satyagraha?

Satyagraha is a method of nonviolent resistance based on truth and justice. It was introduced by Mahatma Gandhi and involves peaceful protests, civil disobedience, and refusing to cooperate with injustice.

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What was the Rowlatt Act?

The Rowlatt Act, passed in 1919, gave British authorities the power to imprison individuals without trial, violating basic rights and freedoms. It was met with widespread protests and outrage in India.

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How does distance from the Equator affect climate?

The distance from the Equator affects the amount of sunlight a place receives. This influences its temperature and overall climate.

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Which latitude passes through the Torrid zone and what type of climate does it have?

The Torrid zone is located around the Equator and experiences a hot, humid, and wet climate throughout the year.

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What is the extent of the Frigid zone and its topmost extent?

The Frigid zone is located at the poles (North and South) and extends to the respective circles (Arctic and Antarctic). It experiences very cold temperatures throughout the year. The North Pole is the topmost extent of the Frigid zone.

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What are the three major temperature zones of the Earth?

Based on the amount of sunlight received, the Earth is divided into three temperature zones: the Torrid Zone (hot and humid), Temperate Zone (moderate), and Frigid Zone (cold).

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Differentiate between land and sea breeze.

A sea breeze blows from the sea towards the land during the day. This happens because the land heats up faster than the sea, creating lower air pressure over land, and pulling in cooler air from the sea. Land breeze blows from land towards the sea during the night because the land cools faster than the sea, creating higher air pressure over land, and pushing air towards the sea.

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Why did Mahatma Gandhi suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement?

The Chauri Chaura incident occurred when protesters set fire to a police station in Chauri Chaura, Uttar Pradesh, in 1922, killing 22 policemen. This incident led Mahatma Gandhi to suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement.

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Who were some of the freedom fighters who resorted to the armed revolution from 1922 onwards?

Some freedom fighters in India from 1922 onward, like Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Jatin Das, Rajguru, and B.K. Dutt, resorted to armed revolution against British rule. They believed in using force to achieve independence. They were executed for their actions.

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State the goal of the Quit India Movement.

The goal of the Quit India Movement, launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942, was to achieve complete independence for India from British rule. It called for the British to leave India.

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Name the factors that affect the climate of a place.

Besides the distance from the Equator, other factors influencing climate of a place are altitude, direction of winds, temperature, humidity, rainfall, and distance from the sea.

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How did the Indian press impact the fight for independence?

The Indian press played a crucial role in mobilizing public opinion and spreading ideas about gaining freedom from the British. The press encouraged the fight for independence and brought awareness about the British injustices.

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What was the Swadeshi movement?

A movement encouraging Indians to use goods made in India, promoting economic independence and discouraging British products. It was a response to the Partition of Bengal and aimed to boost national pride.

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What were the contributions of social reformers in India?

Indian social reformers urged Indians to improve women's conditions, promote modern education for all, and criticized practices like Sati and child marriage. They aimed to bring social change and upliftment, laying the foundation for a progressive and just society.

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Why did Gandhi suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement?

The Non-Cooperation Movement, a key strategy in India's struggle for independence, ended abruptly due to a tragic event. Protesters, incensed by British injustices, set fire to a police station in Chauri Chaura, Uttar Pradesh, leading to the unfortunate deaths of 22 policemen. Mahatma Gandhi, deeply saddened by this act of violence, took responsibility and called off the movement to avoid further bloodshed.

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Who were some of the freedom fighters who resorted to armed revolution?

Bhagat Singh, renowned for his revolutionary spirit, along with several other freedom fighters including Chandra Shekhar Azad, Jatin Das, Rajguru, and B.K. Dutt, embraced armed resistance against British rule starting in 1922. They believed in using force to achieve independence, daring to defy British laws, and eventually paid the ultimate price for their actions.

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What was the goal of the Quit India Movement?

The Quit India Movement, launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942, had a clear goal: to achieve complete independence for India from British rule. This movement emphasized the demand for British withdrawal from India, marking a crucial step towards self-determination and sovereignty.

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What factors affect the climate of a place?

The climate of a place isn't solely determined by its distance from the Equator. Factors like altitude, direction of winds, temperature, humidity, rainfall, and proximity to the sea all play a role in shaping a location's climate.

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Social Reformers' contributions

Indian social reformers advocated for women's rights, the spread of modern education, and challenged harmful practices like Sati and child marriage.

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Impact of the Rowlatt Act

The Rowlatt Act sparked widespread protests throughout India, demonstrating the people's anger and determination to fight for their rights.

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What is the Torrid zone?

The Torrid zone, located around the Equator, experiences hot temperatures and high rainfall throughout the year.

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What is the Frigid zone?

The Frigid zone, located at the poles, experiences very cold temperatures throughout the year due to its distance from the sun.

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Contributions of Social Reformers

The contributions of Indian social reformers were the following:

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What was the Non-Cooperation Movement?

The Non-Cooperation Movement was a campaign of non-violent resistance against British rule in India, led by Mahatma Gandhi. It aimed to achieve Swaraj (self-rule) through peaceful means like boycotting British goods and institutions.

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What was the Chauri Chaura incident?

The Chauri Chaura incident was a violent incident in which protesters set fire to a police station in Chauri Chaura, Uttar Pradesh, in 1922, killing 22 policemen. This act of violence led to the suspension of the Non-Cooperation movement by Mahatma Gandhi due to his commitment to non-violence.

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Who were some freedom fighters who used armed revolution?

Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Jatin Das, Rajguru, and B.K. Dutt were freedom fighters who resorted to armed revolution against British rule in India. They believed in using force to achieve independence.

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What was the Quit India movement?

The Quit India movement, launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942, was a call for the British to leave India, aiming to achieve complete independence for the country. It involved widespread protests and civil disobedience.

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What factors affect climate?

The climate of a place is influenced by factors including distance from the Equator, altitude, direction of winds, temperature, humidity, rainfall, and distance from the sea.

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How did the Indian press contribute during the freedom struggle?

The Indian press played a significant role in the fight for independence, spreading ideas about achieving freedom from British rule and encouraging the people to join national movements.

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What is a land breeze?

A land breeze is a breeze that blows from the land towards the sea during the night. This happens because the land cools down faster than the sea, causing higher air pressure over the land.

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What is a sea breeze?

A sea breeze is a breeze that blows from the sea towards the land during the day. This happens because the land heats up faster than the sea, causing lower air pressure over the land and pulling in cooler air from the sea.

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