Indian History, Geography, Lit, and Science

History

• Ancient Civilizations:
  • Indus Valley Civilization (3300-1300 BCE): Harappan culture, Mohenjo-Daro, and Lothal
  • Vedic Period (1500-500 BCE): Vedas, Upanishads, and Brahmanas
  • Mauryan Empire (322-185 BCE): Chandragupta, Ashoka, and Buddhist influence
• Medieval Period:
  • Gupta Empire (320-550 CE): Golden Age of Indian culture, science, and arts
  • Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526 CE): Muslim rule, Slave Dynasty, and Tughlaq Dynasty
• Modern India:
  • British East India Company (1600-1857 CE): Colonization, Indian Rebellion of 1857
  • Indian Independence Movement (1857-1947 CE): Mahatma Gandhi, Non-Cooperation Movement, and Quit India Movement

Geography

• Physical Features:
  • Himalayan Mountains: world's highest mountain range, Karakoram, and Siachen Glacier
  • Indo-Gangetic Plain: fertile plain, Ganges River, and Brahmaputra River
  • Deccan Plateau: volcanic plateau, Western Ghats, and Eastern Ghats
• Climate and Natural Resources:
  • Tropical monsoon climate: seasonal rainfall, hot summers, and cool winters
  • Natural resources: coal, iron ore, manganese, and chromium

Literature

• Ancient Indian Literature:
  • Vedas: Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda
  • Epics: Ramayana and Mahabharata
  • Puranas: mythological stories and legends
• Modern Indian Literature:
  • Rabindranath Tagore: Nobel laureate, Bengali poet, and playwright
  • Indian English Literature: Salman Rushdie, Arundhati Roy, and Vikram Seth

Science

• Ancient Indian Science:
  • Ayurveda: traditional system of medicine, Charaka, and Sushruta
  • Mathematics: Aryabhata, zero, and decimal system
  • Astronomy: ancient Indian astronomers, Aryabhata, and Varahamihira
• Modern Indian Science:
  • Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO): space exploration, satellite launches, and Mars mission
  • Indian scientists: C.V. Raman, Homi J. Bhabha, and Jagadish Chandra Bose

Technology

• Ancient Indian Technology:
  • Metallurgy: iron, copper, and bronze
  • Architecture: Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain temples and monuments
  • Water management: ancient irrigation systems and stepwells
• Modern Indian Technology:
  • Information Technology (IT): software industry, outsourcing, and Bangalore
  • Biotechnology: genetic engineering, biotech parks, and bioinformatics