Indian Government and History

Government

• System of Government: Federal parliamentary democratic republic
• Head of State: President (currently Droupadi Murmu)
• Head of Government: Prime Minister (currently Narendra Modi)
• Parliament: Bicameral (Lok Sabha - Lower House, Rajya Sabha - Upper House)
• Major Political Parties: Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Indian National Congress (INC), and others

History

• Ancient Period:
  • Indus Valley Civilization (3300-1300 BCE): First urban civilization in India
  • Vedic Period (1500-500 BCE): Emergence of Hinduism and the Vedas
  • Mauryan Empire (322-185 BCE): Unified India under Ashoka the Great
• Medieval Period:
  • Gupta Empire (320-550 CE): Golden Age of Indian culture and science
  • Islamic Rule (712-1756 CE): Muslim invasions and the Delhi Sultanate
  • Mughal Empire (1526-1756 CE): Period of cultural and architectural achievements
• Modern Period:
  • British Colonization (1756-1947 CE): India under British rule
  • Indian Independence Movement (1857-1947 CE): Led by Mahatma Gandhi and others
  • Independence and Partition (1947 CE): India gained independence, divided into India and Pakistan

Government

• India is a federal parliamentary democratic republic
• The President serves as the Head of State, currently held by Droupadi Murmu
• The Prime Minister serves as the Head of Government, currently held by Narendra Modi
• The parliament is bicameral, consisting of the Lok Sabha (Lower House) and the Rajya Sabha (Upper House)
• Major political parties include the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Indian National Congress (INC), and others

History

Ancient Period

• The Indus Valley Civilization (3300-1300 BCE) was the first urban civilization in India
• The Vedic Period (1500-500 BCE) saw the emergence of Hinduism and the Vedas
• The Mauryan Empire (322-185 BCE) unified India under Ashoka the Great

Medieval Period

• The Gupta Empire (320-550 CE) is considered the Golden Age of Indian culture and science
• Islamic Rule (712-1756 CE) brought Muslim invasions and the Delhi Sultanate
• The Mughal Empire (1526-1756 CE) saw a period of cultural and architectural achievements

Modern Period

• British Colonization (1756-1947 CE) saw India under British rule
• The Indian Independence Movement (1857-1947 CE) was led by Mahatma Gandhi and others
• India gained independence and was divided into India and Pakistan in 1947 CE