Indian Fisheries
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Questions and Answers

What is the assumed reason for squids congregating near the shore?

  • For copulation (correct)
  • For sunbathing
  • For migration
  • For feeding

    • Female squids die after spawning, is this statement true?

    True (A)

    What is the main export markets for Indian cephalopods?

    Europe, Japan, and China

    The purpleback flying squid is known as the Master of ____ Sea.

    <p>Arabian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the ornamental gastropod with their shell names:

    <p>Tibia curta = wing shell Bursa spinose = purse shell Turitella attenuate = screw shell Rapana bulbosa = purple shell Conus glans = cone shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total length of River Ravi?

    <p>725 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does River Beas originate?

    <p>Southern slope of Rohtang pass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rivers are the main constituents of the East coast river system in Peninsular India?

    <p>Krishna (A), Mahanadi (B), Godavari (C), Cauvery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    River Sutlej is the longest tributary of the Indus system.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    River Mahanadi rises from Sihawa hills in south-west of ____ district in Chhattisgarh.

    <p>Rajpur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mangroves of Andaman and Nicobar islands occupy around ___ km².

    <p>115</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coral reefs are spread across an area of more than ___ km² in Andaman and Nicobar islands.

    <p>2000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Andaman seas are oligotrophic in nature with relatively low primary and secondary productivity. What is the primary productivity value for Andaman seas?

    <p>273 mg C/m²/day (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Primary production of Nicobar region is significantly lower than the rest of Andaman seas.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do most fishermen migrate to Andaman and Nicobar islands from?

    <p>Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many species are reported to inhabit the Brahmaputra River system?

    <p>221 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Commercial fishing is very difficult above Tezpur due to steep gradient and high current.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stretch of the Brahmaputra river is commercial-scale exploitation mainly confined to?

    <p>Tezpur-Dhubri stretch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A detailed survey of ecology and production dynamics of river Brahmaputra and its tributaries was undertaken during 1996-98 by _______

    <p>CIFRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the fish species with their dominance in the fishery of river Siang and its components Dibang and Lohit:

    <p>Mahaseer (Tor putitora and Neolissocheilus hexagonolepis) = Domination in fishery Snow trout (Schizothorax richardsonii) = Dominance in fishery Labeo dero and Labeo dysocheilus = Domination in fishery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The transparency of Brahmaputra reduced from --- 150 cm during 1974-77 to 30-40 cm, indicating an increase in silt load.

    <p>around</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which river receives 666.7 m3/km² silt from north bank tributaries?

    <p>Brahmaputra (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Estuaries are a transition zone between rivers and land.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following rivers with their longest tributaries:

    <p>Ganga = Yamuna Indus = Jhelum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of India's fish production comes from inland fisheries?

    <p>Around 70% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contribution of aquaculture to the inland fisheries sector in India?

    <p>78%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    India contributes 5.42% of the world's fish. Is this statement true or false?

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    India trades to the extent of ______ to the global fish market.

    <p>2.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following marine resources with their categories:

    <p>Oil sardine, mackerel, seer fish, tuna = Pelagic resources Perches, sciaenid’s, catfishes, flat fishes = Demersal resources Prawn, shrimp, lobster, crab = Crustacean resources Mussels, oyster, clams, squid = Molluscan resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the maximum production achieved in the mixed culture development experiment?

    <p>412g/m2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main ingredients of the artificial diet used for golden mahseer?

    <p>Casein, Soybean, silk-worm pupae, fish oil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the ideal source of water for mahseer a spring source?

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fecundity of snow trouts mentioned is ______ to ______ ova.

    <p>17000, 35000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the tropholytic layer, what is used for the purification of organic matter?

    <p>Oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A decrease in CO2 in the epilimnion leads to an increase in O2.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the organization that initiated efforts for trout culture in the upland region in 1863?

    <p>Sir Francis Day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In coldwater fisheries, the ___________ is the principal gear used.

    <p>cast net</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following coldwater fish species with their characteristics:

    <p>Schizothorax richardsonii, Crprinus carpio, Barilius bandelisis = Eurythermal species (broad temperature tolerance range) Salmo trutta fario, Salvelinus fontinalis, Diptychus maculatus = Stenothermal species (narrow temperature tolerance range)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second largest estuarine system in the country?

    <p>Godavari estuary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Freshwater fish are present only during the flood season in the Godavari estuary.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ Lake is a pear-shaped brackishwater lake connected with the sea on the east coast of India.

    <p>Chilka</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main fishing gear used in the Vembanad Lake?

    <p>stake net and Chinese net</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dominant feature of the estuarine environment?

    <p>Fluctuation in salinity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Estuarine organisms primarily come from freshwater sources.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Indian Fisheries

    • India ranks second in world total fish production and second in total aquaculture production.
    • Inland fisheries sector contributes around 70% to total fish production, and aquaculture contributes around 78% to inland fisheries sector.
    • India contributes 5.42% of the world’s fish production and trades 2.5% of the global fish market.
    • Fisheries contribute 0.97% to the GDP and 5.37% to Agricultural GDP.

    Indian Coastline and Marine Resources

    • India has a coastline of 8129 km, a continental shelf area of 0.53 million km², and an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of 2.02 million km².
    • The Gulf of Mannar and Gulf of Kutch are two important marine ecosystems in India.
    • Pelagic resources in Indian waters include oil sardine, mackerel, seer fish, tuna, lesser sardine, anchovies, and ribbon fishes.
    • Demersal resources include perches, sciaenid’s, catfishes, polynemids, flat fishes, pomfrets, eels, sharks, skates, and rays.
    • Mid-water resources include Bombay duck, horse mackerel, and silver bellies.
    • Crustacean resources include prawn, shrimp, lobster, and crab.
    • Molluscan resources include mussels, oyster, clams, chank, squid, and cuttlefish.

    Fish Production and Fisheries Management

    • West Bengal has the maximum production of fish, followed by Karnataka and Kerala.
    • The eastern coast contributes 57.2% of the total coastline and 28.8% of the total fish production.
    • Mechanized fishing sector produces 64% of the marine landings, motorized and artisanal sector contributes 26% and 9% respectively.
    • Trawler fleet expansion and indigenous boat construction started in the 1960s, and introduction of purse seine was in the 1970s.
    • Restrictions on trawling by mechanized vessels for 45-60 days during the southwest monsoon in the west coast and for 45 days during April-May in the east coast.

    Aquaculture

    • Scientific farming of brackish water aquaculture started only in the 1990s.
    • Commercial brackish water culture is mainly confined to penaeus monodon.
    • The total area under shrimp culture in the country at present is 12.88% of the potential water area of 1.2 million ha.
    • Among the coastal states, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal are the largest producers of shrimp, together contributing 79% of the total aquaculture production of the country and also 77% area under farming.

    Bivalve Fishery

    • Bivalve fishery is an important fishery in India, with a total of 60 commercial species.
    • Mussels are the second dominant group, with green mussel (P. viridis) and brown mussel (P. indicus) being the most important species.
    • Clams are another important bivalve species, with a high demand in the export market.
    • Other bivalve species, such as oysters, scallops, and cockles, are also found in Indian waters.

    Cephalopod Fishery

    • Cephalopods form only 4.5% of the total marine fish landings.
    • The dominant species of cephalopods occurring in commercial catches are Loligo duvaucelii, Sepia pharaonis, S. aculeata, and Octopus membranaceous.
    • Cephalopods are largely caught by bottom trawlers operating up to 200m depth.

    Island Fisheries

    • Lakshadweep islands have a vast lagoon, territorial waters, and an EEZ, making it a rich fishing ground.
    • The inhabited islands of Lakshadweep are Androth, Amini, Kalpeni, Agatti, Bitra, Chetlat, Kadamat, Kaileni, Kavaratti, Kitan, Minicoy, and Bengaram.
    • Major fishery resources of Lakshadweep islands include tuna, billfishes, pelagic sharks, marlins, sailfish, and other group of food fishes.

    Conservation and Management of Fisheries

    • The Coastal Aquaculture Authority has introduced regulatory measures with regard to the use of drugs and chemicals in shrimp farming, ensuring good management practices.
    • The Indian fisheries are managed by the Indian Fisheries Act, 1897.
    • The major marine fisheries in India are managed through a permit system, and conservation efforts are in place to protect marine biodiversity.### Lakshadweep Fisheries
    • 12% of catches in Lakshadweep are Albacores and 2% are Euthynnus affinis
    • 97% of catches in Lakshadweep are from traditional pole and line fishing, followed by troll lines
    • There are 900 motorized fishing boats in Lakshadweep
    • Oceanic tuna longline fishing was introduced in the early 1980s
    • The Maritime Zones of India (regulation of fishing by foreign vessels) Act, 1981, permitted chartering of foreign vessels for fishing in Indian EEZ
    • Tuna long liners operated in Indian waters from 1985-1995
    • Fish landings in Lakshadweep are highest in Agatti (23%), Kavaratti (14%), and Minicoy (13%)
    • Fishermen in Lakshadweep catch skipjack tuna using pole and line fishing
    • Traditional boats in Lakshadweep are converted to long liners with fish holds and ice
    • MPEDA provides subsidies to convert trawlers into long line fishing boats
    • About 50% of tuna caught in Minicoy are consumed fresh or converted to masmin and canned

    Tuna Market

    • The global tuna market has two preferred items: sashimi (consumed fresh and uncooked) and canned tuna
    • Sashimi market relies on Bluefin, Bigeye, and Yellowfin tuna
    • Canned tuna market depends on Skipjack, Albacore, and Bonito
    • High-priced sashimi market caters to Japan, Europe, and the USA

    Tuna Waste Utilization

    • Tuna viscera powder is used as a flavor for feeds
    • Tuna bone products are a dietary calcium source
    • Tuna eye is a source of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (DHA and EPA)

    Lakshadweep Fisheries Development

    • Lakshadweep Development Corporation Limited promotes export of frozen tuna, canned tuna, and tuna pickles

    Fisheries in Andaman and Nicobar Islands

    • The Andaman and Nicobar islands have an EEZ of 0.6 million km²
    • The coastal shelf around the islands is very narrow, with a width of up to 10 nautical miles in some places
    • Primary production in the region is low
    • The region has a rich biodiversity, with 600 odd marine fish species, including ornamental fishes

    Status of Fisheries in Andaman and Nicobar Islands

    • The total potential yield in the region is estimated to be around 148,000 tonnes of pelagic, demersal, and oceanic resources
    • The average yield in the region is around 31,000 tonnes
    • Major exploited resources include carangids, lesser sardines, mackerel, and others
    • The region has a large stock of coastal tunas, but the catch is limited to only 810 tonnes

    Brackish Water Aquaculture

    • The region has a large area suitable for brackish water aquaculture (110,000 ha)
    • The area has been affected by the 2004 tsunami, resulting in an increase in brackish water area to 4,000 ha
    • Potential species for brackish water culture include P. monodon, Fenneropenaeus merguiensis, and others

    Riverine Fisheries

    • India has a vast network of rivers, with a total length of around 45,000 km
    • The rivers fall into 113 river basins, covering an area of around 3.12 million km²
    • The country has 15 major, 45 medium, and over 102 minor rivers, besides numerous ephemeral streams
    • The river systems are traditionally grouped into Himalayan and peninsular rivers

    Note: The rest of the text is about Indian rivers and their characteristics, which is a separate topic from fisheries.### River Systems of India

    Krishna River System

    • Catchment area: 233,229 km²
    • Traverses through: Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh
    • Main tributaries: Bhima and Tungbhadra rivers
    • Reservoirs: Lakkavali, Tungbhadra, Koyna, Vanivilassagar, Himayatsagar, Osmansagar, and Hussainsagar

    Cauvery River System

    • Longest perennial river south of the Krishna river
    • Originates from: Brahmagiri hills on the Western Ghats in Karnataka
    • Flows in a south-easterly direction for 850 km before emptying into the Bay of Bengal
    • Divides into two branches: River Coleroon and River Cauvery
    • Main tributaries: River Bhavani, Noyil, and Amaravati
    • Reservoirs: Mettur, Bhavanisagar, and Krishnarajsagar

    West Coast River System

    • Drains a narrow belt of peninsular India west of the Western Ghats
    • Includes: Narmada and Tapti river basins
    • Main rivers: Narmada and Tapti
    • Total length of rivers: 3,380 km
    • Narmada River:
      • Largest west-flowing river of the country
      • Originates from: Maikala highlands near Amarkantak in Shahdol district of Madhya Pradesh
      • Total length: 1,312 km
      • Traverses: Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat
      • Fed by: 41 major tributaries
      • Total catchment area: 94,235 km²
      • Reservoirs: Four, including Tawa and Sukta on the left bank, Barna on the right bank, and Bargi on the main river

    Ganga River System

    • Total length: 2,525 km
    • Catchment area: 86.4 million hectares
    • Divided into three zones: Upper, Middle, and Lower
    • Water quality: pH (8.1-8.2), temperature (20.4-26.8°C), and transparency (58.9 cm)
    • Fish species: 265, including 181 freshwater species
    • Fisheries: 34 species of commercial interest
    • Average fish catch: 389 kg/km

    Brahmaputra River System

    • Total length: 2,900 km
    • Catchment area: 58.2 million hectares
    • Fish species: 221, including 103 genera and 36 families
    • Commercial fisheries: 35 species
    • Average fish catch: 215 tonnes

    Indus River System

    • Total length: 3,180 km
    • Catchment area: 96.6 million hectares
    • Fish species: 126, including 43 families
    • Average fish catch: 255 tonnes

    Mahanadi River System

    • Total length: 858 km
    • Catchment area: 14.2 million hectares
    • Fish species: 253, including 73 families
    • Average fish catch: 142.47 tonnes

    Godavari River System

    • Total length: 1,465 km
    • Catchment area: 31.3 million hectares
    • Fish species: 189, including 54 families
    • Average fish catch: 120 tonnes

    Cauvery River System

    • Total length: 800 km
    • Catchment area: 8.1 million hectares
    • Fish species: 80, including 23 families
    • Average fish catch: 90 tonnes

    Narmada River System

    • Total length: 1,312 km
    • Catchment area: 9.4 million hectares
    • Fish species: 84, including 23 families
    • Average fish catch: 71 tonnes

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    This quiz covers the statistics and facts about India's fisheries sector, including its ranking, production, and contribution to the country's GDP.

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