Indian Constitution Preamble

Introduction to the Preamble

• The Preamble is a brief introduction to the Indian Constitution, also known as the "political horoscope".
• It embodies the philosophy or ideology of the Constitution and sets the tone for the entire document.

Key Features of the Preamble

• The Preamble is not part of the Constitution itself, but has its own importance in understanding the government's functions.
• It provides a framework for interpreting the Constitution and resolving any ambiguities.

The Preamble Text

• The Preamble states the resolution to constitute India into a "SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC" and secure to all citizens: JUSTICE, LIBERTY, EQUALITY, and FRATERNITY.
• The Preamble was added to the Constitution on November 26, 1949.

Parts of the Preamble

• Source of authority: "We the People of India" indicate that the source of authority is the people, not the states.
• Type of government: Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic.
• Objectives of the Constitution.
• Adoption and enforcement of the Constitution.

Explanation of Key Terms

• Sovereign: implies supreme authority, absolute independence, and freedom from external control.
• Socialist: implies that individual freedom is subordinated to the interest of the community (added through the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976).
• Secular: guarantees freedom of religion to all citizens and does not patronize any particular religion as a state religion (added through the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976).
• Democratic: a system of government where supreme powers are vested in the people and exercised by the people directly or through elected representatives.
• Republic: a state where the executive head is not a hereditary monarch but an elected representative.