Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which part of the Indian Constitution contains Articles 19 to 22?
Which part of the Indian Constitution contains Articles 19 to 22?
- Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy)
- Part II (Citizenship)
- Part III (Fundamental Rights) (correct)
- Part IV A (Fundamental Duties)
What is the primary subject matter of Articles 19 to 22 of the Indian Constitution?
What is the primary subject matter of Articles 19 to 22 of the Indian Constitution?
- Financial regulations
- Electoral procedures
- Emergency powers
- Fundamental rights (correct)
Which of the following freedoms is guaranteed under Article 19 of the Indian Constitution?
Which of the following freedoms is guaranteed under Article 19 of the Indian Constitution?
- Freedom to assemble peaceably (correct)
- Right to employment
- Right to property
- Right to education
Under Article 19, what is one of the reasonable restrictions on the freedom of speech and expression?
Under Article 19, what is one of the reasonable restrictions on the freedom of speech and expression?
According to Article 19, citizens have the freedom to form:
According to Article 19, citizens have the freedom to form:
Which of the following is a freedom guaranteed under Article 19 regarding movement?
Which of the following is a freedom guaranteed under Article 19 regarding movement?
What does Article 20 of the Indian Constitution primarily address?
What does Article 20 of the Indian Constitution primarily address?
What protection does the 'Ex-Post Facto Law' principle under Article 20(1) provide?
What protection does the 'Ex-Post Facto Law' principle under Article 20(1) provide?
What is 'double jeopardy' as described in Article 20(2)?
What is 'double jeopardy' as described in Article 20(2)?
Article 20(3) provides protection against:
Article 20(3) provides protection against:
Article 21 of the Indian Constitution guarantees:
Article 21 of the Indian Constitution guarantees:
According to the Supreme Court's interpretation of Article 21, what is included within the right to life?
According to the Supreme Court's interpretation of Article 21, what is included within the right to life?
Which of the following rights is covered under Article 21, according to Supreme Court interpretations?
Which of the following rights is covered under Article 21, according to Supreme Court interpretations?
Article 22 of the Indian Constitution provides protection against:
Article 22 of the Indian Constitution provides protection against:
Under Article 22, what is the right of an individual upon being arrested?
Under Article 22, what is the right of an individual upon being arrested?
According to Article 22, within what time period must an arrested person be presented before a magistrate?
According to Article 22, within what time period must an arrested person be presented before a magistrate?
What does 'preventive detention' under Article 22 allow the government to do?
What does 'preventive detention' under Article 22 allow the government to do?
What is the maximum period for which a person can be detained under preventive detention without approval from an Advisory Board, according to Article 22?
What is the maximum period for which a person can be detained under preventive detention without approval from an Advisory Board, according to Article 22?
Which article of the Indian Constitution ensures that no person shall be deprived of their life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law?
Which article of the Indian Constitution ensures that no person shall be deprived of their life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law?
Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution refers to:
Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution refers to:
Which freedom under Article 19 allows citizens to carry out any occupation, trade, or business?
Which freedom under Article 19 allows citizens to carry out any occupation, trade, or business?
What is the primary focus of Article 20 regarding criminal laws?
What is the primary focus of Article 20 regarding criminal laws?
Which of the following rights falls under Article 21, as interpreted by the Supreme Court?
Which of the following rights falls under Article 21, as interpreted by the Supreme Court?
Under Article 22, what is the right of an arrested person regarding legal consultation?
Under Article 22, what is the right of an arrested person regarding legal consultation?
Which article gives the rights to be informed on the grounds of arrest?
Which article gives the rights to be informed on the grounds of arrest?
The freedom assemble peacably without arms falls under which article?
The freedom assemble peacably without arms falls under which article?
Which article discusses freedom of movement?
Which article discusses freedom of movement?
Article 20 does not mention protection from:
Article 20 does not mention protection from:
Which article can be restricted based on public order?
Which article can be restricted based on public order?
Which article is not about protecting individual freedoms?
Which article is not about protecting individual freedoms?
Which article discusses rights of freedom?
Which article discusses rights of freedom?
Which right does Article 21 explicitly state?
Which right does Article 21 explicitly state?
What is a key difference between Article 19 and Articles 20-22?
What is a key difference between Article 19 and Articles 20-22?
Which of the following cannot be restricted?
Which of the following cannot be restricted?
How long can the government hold someone in preventative detention?
How long can the government hold someone in preventative detention?
Is the right to a lawyer absolute?
Is the right to a lawyer absolute?
Article 20 includes double:
Article 20 includes double:
Which of these court cases is mentioned?
Which of these court cases is mentioned?
Which Article protects scheduled tribes:
Which Article protects scheduled tribes:
Which article protects against self-incrimination?
Which article protects against self-incrimination?
In which part of the Indian Constitution are Articles 19 to 22 located?
In which part of the Indian Constitution are Articles 19 to 22 located?
Which article of the Indian Constitution pertains to the protection of life and personal liberty?
Which article of the Indian Constitution pertains to the protection of life and personal liberty?
What is the focus of Article 22 of the Indian Constitution?
What is the focus of Article 22 of the Indian Constitution?
Under which article of the Indian Constitution is the freedom to practice any profession or trade guaranteed?
Under which article of the Indian Constitution is the freedom to practice any profession or trade guaranteed?
Article 20 includes protection from being punished more than once for the same crime. What is this protection commonly known as?
Article 20 includes protection from being punished more than once for the same crime. What is this protection commonly known as?
Flashcards
Article 19
Article 19
Guarantees six fundamental freedoms to Indian citizens.
Freedom of Speech and Expression
Freedom of Speech and Expression
Citizens can express their views freely through speech, writing, or any other medium.
Freedom to Assemble Peaceably
Freedom to Assemble Peaceably
Citizens can peacefully gather without arms.
Freedom to Form Associations
Freedom to Form Associations
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Freedom to Move Freely
Freedom to Move Freely
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Freedom to Reside and Settle
Freedom to Reside and Settle
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Freedom to Practice Any Profession
Freedom to Practice Any Profession
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Article 20
Article 20
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Ex-Post Facto Law
Ex-Post Facto Law
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Double Jeopardy
Double Jeopardy
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Self-Incrimination Protection
Self-Incrimination Protection
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Article 21
Article 21
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Right to Live with Dignity
Right to Live with Dignity
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Right to Privacy
Right to Privacy
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Right to Clean Air and Water
Right to Clean Air and Water
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Right to Livelihood
Right to Livelihood
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Article 22
Article 22
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Right to Know Arrest Reasons
Right to Know Arrest Reasons
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Right to Consult a Lawyer
Right to Consult a Lawyer
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Right to See a Magistrate
Right to See a Magistrate
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24-Hour Detention Limit
24-Hour Detention Limit
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Preventive Detention
Preventive Detention
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Study Notes
- Articles 19 to 22 of the Indian Constitution are fundamental rights which protect freedom, personal liberty, and prevent arbitrary arrest and detention.
Article 19: Protection of Six Freedoms
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Grants six fundamental freedoms to Indian citizens.
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These freedoms are subject to reasonable restrictions.
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Freedom of Speech and Expression (19(1)(a)):
- Citizens can freely express their views through any medium.
- Restrictions include sovereignty, security, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency, contempt of court, defamation, and incitement to an offense.
-
Freedom to Assemble Peaceably (19(1)(b)):
- Citizens can gather peacefully without arms.
- Restrictions: Sovereignty, security, public order.
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Freedom to Form Associations or Unions (19(1)(c)):
- Citizens can form associations, unions, or cooperative societies.
- Restrictions: Morality, public order, sovereignty.
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Freedom to Move Freely throughout India (19(1)(d)):
- Citizens can travel or reside in any part of India.
- Restrictions: Security, public order, protection of scheduled areas.
-
Freedom to Reside and Settle Anywhere in India (19(1)(e)):
- Citizens can reside and settle in any part of India.
- Restrictions: Interests of Scheduled Tribes, public order, security.
-
Freedom to Practice Any Profession or Trade (19(1)(g)):
- Citizens can carry out any profession, trade, or business.
- Restrictions: Public interest, professional qualifications, monopolies.
Article 20: Protection in Respect of Conviction for Offenses
- Provides three key protections against arbitrary criminal laws.
- Ex-Post Facto Law (20(1)):
- No person can be punished under a law that was not in force when the act was committed.
- Double Jeopardy (20(2)):
- No person can be punished twice for the same offense.
- Self-Incrimination Protection (20(3)):
- No person accused of an offense can be forced to be a witness against themselves.
Article 21: Protection of Life and Personal Liberty
- No person shall be deprived of life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.
- Interpretation by Supreme Court:
- Right to Live with Dignity (Maneka Gandhi case, 1978).
- Right to Privacy (K.S. Puttaswamy case, 2017).
- Right to Clean Air, Water, and a Healthy Environment.
- Right to Livelihood.
Article 22: Protection Against Arrest and Detention
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Provides protection against arbitrary arrests and prescribes safeguards.
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Rights in Case of Ordinary Arrest (Clauses 1-2):
- Right to be informed about the reasons for arrest.
- Right to consult a lawyer.
- Right to be presented before a magistrate within 24 hours.
- No detention beyond 24 hours without magistrate’s permission.
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Preventive Detention (Clauses 3-7):
- The government can detain a person without trial to prevent future threats.
- Maximum period is 3 months, after which an Advisory Board must approve further detention.
Conclusion:
- Articles 19 to 22 collectively protect fundamental freedoms, legal rights, and personal liberty.
- Article 19 grants freedoms while Articles 20-22 protect individuals from arbitrary state action.
- Reasonable restrictions exist to balance these rights with national security and public order.
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