Indian Accounting Standard 23: Borrowing Costs
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Questions and Answers

What types of borrowings does the standard differentiate between in relation to capitalisation of borrowing costs?

The standard differentiates between specific borrowings and general borrowings.

What is required for borrowing costs to be eligible for capitalisation according to Ind AS 23?

Borrowing costs must be actual costs incurred during the period, minus any investment income earned on temporarily invested funds.

Can notional borrowing costs be capitalised under the standard?

No, notional borrowing costs cannot be capitalised.

Why can't an entity assume forgone interest on its own cash resources represents a capitalisable cost?

<p>An entity cannot assume that forgone interest on its own cash resources can be capitalised because it does not represent an actual borrowing cost.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be deducted from the borrowing costs incurred when calculating capitalisable borrowing costs?

<p>Any investment income earned on temporarily invested funds must be deducted from the borrowing costs incurred.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much interest was calculated on the foreign currency loan of USD 20,000 at 5%?

<p>USD 1,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the amount in Indian Rupees after converting the interest from the foreign currency loan?

<p>` 48,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the interest on foreign currency borrowing and local currency borrowing?

<p>` 51,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total borrowing cost that needs to be capitalized from the example provided?

<p>` 99,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions can borrowing costs be capitalized according to the content?

<p>It must result in future economic benefits and costs need to be measured reliably.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the total exchange difference was capitalized as borrowing cost?

<p>` 51,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to borrowing costs that are not directly attributable to a qualifying asset?

<p>They are recognized as an expense in the period incurred.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is inflation affecting borrowing costs recognized according to Ind AS 29?

<p>The part of borrowing costs that compensates for inflation is recognized as an expense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a permit in the context of construction costs?

<p>The permit is specific to one building and is considered a qualifying asset as it is part of the construction cost.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is interest on a lease of a qualifying asset capitalized as borrowing costs?

<p>Interest is capitalized because it is specific to the asset and incurred for its construction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conditions must be met for borrowing costs to be capitalized?

<p>Borrowing costs can be capitalized until the construction of the qualifying asset is complete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do exchange differences affect the calculation of borrowing costs?

<p>Exchange differences can be considered borrowing costs based on the terms of the foreign currency borrowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be understood about loans taken in a foreign currency?

<p>Loans in foreign currency can have different interest costs when compared to equivalent loans in the functional currency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a company choose to take a loan in US dollars instead of INR?

<p>A company may expect over time that the borrowing costs in foreign currency will be less than those of a local currency loan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold for capitalizing borrowing costs on leased equipment?

<p>Leased equipment does not qualify for capitalization if it is ready for intended use at the acquisition date.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for an asset to be a qualifying asset?

<p>A qualifying asset is one that is under construction and is eligible for the capitalization of related borrowing costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the borrowing cost that can be capitalized for the plant constructed by Beta Ltd.?

<p>` 1,85,625</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe how the capitalisation rate was calculated for the borrowing costs.

<p>The capitalisation rate was derived by taking the weighted average of the interest rates of the existing loans, resulting in 16.5%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When were the 14% debentures issued and what was their purpose?

<p>The 14% debentures were issued on 1st July, 20X1 to fund the construction of an office building.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What expenditures were drawn down for the construction of the plant on 1st April, 20X1 and 1st January, 20X2?

<p><code>5,00,000 on 1st April, 20X1 and</code> 25,00,000 on 1st January, 20X2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of qualifying assets in relation to borrowing costs.

<p>Qualifying assets, like the plant being constructed, allow companies to capitalize borrowing costs related to their construction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total amount of borrowings as of 31st March, 20X2?

<p>` 4,000,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using the second approach, what was the interest rate for the 18% bank loan in the weighted average calculation?

<p>The interest rate for the 18% Bank Loan was 18%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of capitalized interest for the expenditure incurred on 1st January, 20X2?

<p>The capitalized interest duration for the January expenditure is 3 months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a qualifying asset in the context of borrowing costs under Ind AS 23?

<p>A qualifying asset is one that necessarily requires a substantial period of time to be ready for its intended use or sale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Ind AS 23 differ from AS 16 concerning the applicability of borrowing costs?

<p>Ind AS 23 does not require the application of this standard to borrowing costs related to qualifying assets measured at fair value, while AS 16 applies to all borrowing costs without such exclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inventories does Ind AS 23 exclude from the computation of borrowing costs?

<p>Ind AS 23 excludes borrowing costs related to inventories that are manufactured or produced in large quantities on a repetitive basis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prescribed method for calculating interest expenses under Ind AS 23?

<p>Ind AS 23 requires the calculation of interest expense using the effective interest rate method as outlined in Ind AS 109.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of applying AS 16 to borrowing costs related to inventories?

<p>AS 16 applies to borrowing costs related to all inventories that require a substantial period to bring them to a saleable condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant scope exclusion of Ind AS 23 compared to AS 16 regarding biological assets?

<p>Ind AS 23 excludes borrowing costs for biological assets measured at fair value, whereas AS 16 does not provide such exclusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the treatment of fair value qualifying assets under Ind AS 23 impact financial reporting?

<p>The treatment allows for the exclusion of certain borrowing costs, which can lead to enhanced clarity in financial statements for entities with such assets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might an entity prefer to follow Ind AS 23 over AS 16 with regard to its inventory accounting?

<p>An entity might prefer Ind AS 23 to avoid recognizing borrowing costs on large-scale repetitive inventories, thus reducing reported expenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can Marine Transport Limited capitalize any borrowing costs for the financial year ended 31st March, 20X1?

<p>No, Marine Transport Limited cannot capitalize borrowing costs for 20X1 because no ship production had commenced by that date.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is it permissible for Marine Transport Limited to capitalize borrowing costs for the financial year ended 31st March, 20X2?

<p>Yes, it is permissible as one ship's production began in March 20X2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the contract value did Marine Transport Limited pay as a down payment?

<p>25% of the contract value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Ind AS 23 require disclosure of the capitalization rate?

<p>Ind AS 23 requires disclosure of the capitalization rate to ensure transparency in financial reporting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does foreign currency borrowing impact borrowing costs according to Ind AS 23?

<p>Borrowing costs for foreign currency loans are computed with reference to the functional currency difference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a treasury department in a company like X Limited?

<p>The treasury department arranges funds for working capital and expansion programs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the treatment of borrowing costs under Ind AS 23 from AS 16?

<p>Ind AS 23 mandates the capitalization of borrowing costs, while AS 16 lacks a specific disclosure requirement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a subsidiary uses its own borrowing costs rather than those of the parent when calculating weighted averages?

<p>The subsidiary will reflect its specific borrowing circumstances, which may differ from the parent's costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Indian Accounting Standard 23: Borrowing Costs

  • IAS 23 outlines the capitalization of borrowing costs.
  • Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction, or production of a qualifying asset are included in the cost of that asset.
  • Other borrowing costs are recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.
  • Qualifying assets take a substantial time to prepare for use or sale.
  • The standard does not apply to actual or imputed costs of equity, including preferred capital not classified as a liability.

Core Principle

  • Borrowing costs directly associated with the qualifying asset's acquisition, construction, or production are capitalizable.
  • Other borrowing costs are recognized as period expenses.

Scope and Exclusions

  • Scope covers qualifying assets measured at fair value, inventories produced in large quantities, and the actual or imputed cost of equity.
  • Excluded are items like dividends paid on equity shares, cost of issuing shares, and preference shares.

Qualifying Assets

  • Assets that require a significant period to prepare for their intended use or sale.
  • Examples include manufacturing plants, real estate, infrastructure assets (like bridges), and inventories produced over a considerable period.

Borrowing Costs

  • Interest expense.
  • Relevant lease liabilities.
  • Exchange differences from foreign currency borrowings adjusted to interest.

Period of Capitalization

  • Capitalization starts when the first condition to trigger the process is met in a cumulative manner.
  • Conditions include incurring expenditures, borrowing costs, and activities necessary to prepare the asset for its intended use.
  • Capitalization is suspended if the active development of a qualifying asset is interrupted.

Capitalization Rate Calculation

  • The capitalization rate is the weighted average of the borrowing costs for all outstanding borrowings of an entity (excluding those directly related to the qualifying asset).

Disclosure Requirements

  • Entities must disclose the amount of capitalized borrowing costs.
  • The capitalization rate used to determine eligible borrowing costs should also be disclosed.

Dividends on Financial Liabilities

  • Dividends payable on preference shares are treated as interest or borrowing costs if the shares are financial liabilities.

Capitalising Borrowing Costs in Group Financial Statements

  • Borrowing costs taken on by one group company may be applicable to another if the qualifying asset is produced by the other company.

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Description

This quiz explores the key concepts of Indian Accounting Standard 23, which governs the capitalization of borrowing costs related to qualifying assets. Understand the core principles, scope, and exclusions of IAS 23 to enhance your accounting knowledge.

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