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Questions and Answers
What was Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's role in the Dalit movement during the Civil Disobedience Movement?
What was Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's role in the Dalit movement during the Civil Disobedience Movement?
- He organized Dalits into the Depressed Classes Association. (correct)
- He supported Mahatma Gandhi's view on integration.
- He led the Civil Disobedience Movement for the Congress.
- He demanded equal rights for all castes.
Why did Mahatma Gandhi oppose Dr. Ambedkar's demand for separate electorates?
Why did Mahatma Gandhi oppose Dr. Ambedkar's demand for separate electorates?
- He feared it would hinder Dalits' integration into society. (correct)
- He thought it would encourage division among the communities.
- He was afraid of alienating the British government.
- He believed it would ensure better representation for Dalits.
What was the outcome of the Poona Pact of September 1932?
What was the outcome of the Poona Pact of September 1932?
- The Congress party dissolved its affiliation with Dalits.
- Dalits were granted separate legislative assemblies.
- Reserved seats for Dalits were to be voted in by the general electorate. (correct)
- Dalits received complete independence.
What was a significant consequence of the relationship between Hindus and Muslims during the mid-1920s?
What was a significant consequence of the relationship between Hindus and Muslims during the mid-1920s?
What was the reaction of some Muslim political organisations to the Civil Disobedience Movement?
What was the reaction of some Muslim political organisations to the Civil Disobedience Movement?
What was one reason for the apprehension of the Dalit movement towards the Congress-led national movement?
What was one reason for the apprehension of the Dalit movement towards the Congress-led national movement?
What was a consequence of Gandhi's fast unto death regarding the issue of separate electorates?
What was a consequence of Gandhi's fast unto death regarding the issue of separate electorates?
What impact did communal riots have on Hindu-Muslim relations during this period?
What impact did communal riots have on Hindu-Muslim relations during this period?
What principle is at the core of the satyagraha method pioneered by Mahatma Gandhi?
What principle is at the core of the satyagraha method pioneered by Mahatma Gandhi?
What was the reaction among workers when Mahatma Gandhi was arrested during the march?
What was the reaction among workers when Mahatma Gandhi was arrested during the march?
Which of the following statements about satyagraha is FALSE?
Which of the following statements about satyagraha is FALSE?
In what context was satyagraha originally practiced by Gandhi?
In what context was satyagraha originally practiced by Gandhi?
What did Gandhi assert about the ideals of satyagraha as opposed to passive resistance?
What did Gandhi assert about the ideals of satyagraha as opposed to passive resistance?
What characterized the march led by Gandhi in 1913 in South Africa?
What characterized the march led by Gandhi in 1913 in South Africa?
Which aspect does NOT align with the philosophy of satyagraha according to Gandhi?
Which aspect does NOT align with the philosophy of satyagraha according to Gandhi?
What motivated Gandhi's concept of non-violent resistance?
What motivated Gandhi's concept of non-violent resistance?
What was one major consequence of the boycott movement against foreign goods among Indian merchants?
What was one major consequence of the boycott movement against foreign goods among Indian merchants?
What challenge did the Non-Cooperation Movement face regarding Indian institutions?
What challenge did the Non-Cooperation Movement face regarding Indian institutions?
Who led the peasant struggles in the Awadh region during the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Who led the peasant struggles in the Awadh region during the Non-Cooperation Movement?
What was a significant factor that made khadi cloth less accessible to the poor during the boycott movement?
What was a significant factor that made khadi cloth less accessible to the poor during the boycott movement?
What was a consequence of students returning to government schools during the Non-Cooperation Movement?
What was a consequence of students returning to government schools during the Non-Cooperation Movement?
How did the city-based boycott of mill cloth impact rural society?
How did the city-based boycott of mill cloth impact rural society?
What role did Baba Ramchandra have before leading the peasant movement in Awadh?
What role did Baba Ramchandra have before leading the peasant movement in Awadh?
What primarily caused the boycott movement in India to gradually slow down?
What primarily caused the boycott movement in India to gradually slow down?
What was a key reason for Mahatma Gandhi's decision to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922?
What was a key reason for Mahatma Gandhi's decision to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922?
How did the tribals view the concept of swaraj according to their interpretations?
How did the tribals view the concept of swaraj according to their interpretations?
What was the outcome of the peaceful demonstration at Chauri Chaura?
What was the outcome of the peaceful demonstration at Chauri Chaura?
What was the emotional significance of chanting Gandhiji’s name for the tribals?
What was the emotional significance of chanting Gandhiji’s name for the tribals?
What were the consequences faced by the group stranded by the railway and steamer strike?
What were the consequences faced by the group stranded by the railway and steamer strike?
Which event is associated with Lala Lajpat Rai during the protest against the Simon Commission?
Which event is associated with Lala Lajpat Rai during the protest against the Simon Commission?
What was Mahatma Gandhi's primary concern regarding the training of satyagrahis?
What was Mahatma Gandhi's primary concern regarding the training of satyagrahis?
What did the term 'Gandhi Raj' imply to those who believed in it?
What did the term 'Gandhi Raj' imply to those who believed in it?
What triggered industrial workers in Sholapur to attack symbols of British rule?
What triggered industrial workers in Sholapur to attack symbols of British rule?
What was the purpose of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed on 5 March 1931?
What was the purpose of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed on 5 March 1931?
What was the outcome of Mahatma Gandhi's trip to London for the Round Table Conference in December 1931?
What was the outcome of Mahatma Gandhi's trip to London for the Round Table Conference in December 1931?
Which prominent nationalist leader was arrested alongside Ghaffar Khan during the period of repression?
Which prominent nationalist leader was arrested alongside Ghaffar Khan during the period of repression?
What was the stance of many nationalists regarding the method of struggle against the British?
What was the stance of many nationalists regarding the method of struggle against the British?
What happened to the Congress party after it was declared illegal?
What happened to the Congress party after it was declared illegal?
Which militant group was founded in 1928 with leaders like Bhagat Singh?
Which militant group was founded in 1928 with leaders like Bhagat Singh?
What was the reaction of the government following the protests in Sholapur?
What was the reaction of the government following the protests in Sholapur?
Study Notes
Gandhi's Satyagraha and Civil Rights Movement
- Originated from Mahatma Gandhi's experience in South Africa, focusing on non-violent mass agitation against racial injustice.
- Satyagraha emphasized truth and moral persuasion over physical force, asserting that non-violence could empower the oppressed.
- The concept was practiced during a march in 1913 where Gandhi led Indian workers from Newcastle to the Transvaal, amplifying resistance against discriminatory laws.
Dalit Movements and Gandhi-Ambedkar Conflict
- Dalit participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement was limited, particularly in Maharashtra and Nagpur.
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar founded the Depressed Classes Association in 1930, advocating for separate electorates for Dalits, conflicting with Gandhi's inclusive vision.
- The Poona Pact (1932) resulted from negotiations, allowing reserved seats for Dalits in legislative councils, to be filled by the general electorate, thus promoting their participation without division.
Rise of Communal Tensions
- Post-Non-Cooperation Movement, many Muslims felt alienated from Congress due to its association with Hindu nationalist groups, leading to communal tensions and riots.
- Each religious community began organizing processions, exacerbating divisions and conflict in urban areas across India.
Economic Boycotts and Alternative Institutions
- The boycott of British goods, particularly foreign textiles, led to a boost in Indian textile production and the promotion of Khadi.
- However, khadi remained costly, restricting participation from the economically disadvantaged; a lack of alternative Indian institutions also led to a decline in support for the movement.
Peasant and Tribal Movements
- The Non-Cooperation Movement extended into rural regions, with peasants and tribes participating for their own liberation.
- In Awadh, Baba Ramchandra mobilized farmers who believed in Gandhi Raj, reflecting local interpretations of swaraj, leading to violent repression from authorities.
Gandhi's Strategic Withdrawal
- In 1922, Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement amid rising violence, emphasizing the need for training in non-violent resistance.
- The government's repression intensified, with massive arrests and violent crackdowns on peaceful protests, prompting Gandhi to call off the movement.
Civil Disobedience Movement and Political Negotiations
- The Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) emerged after discussions to address the violence and acknowledge political prisoners, marking an attempt to engage politically through participation in the Round Table Conference.
- Despite hopes for negotiation, the conference failed and the government intensified repressive measures against nationalists, leading to the relaunch of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Emergence of Radical Parties
- The Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) was formed in 1928 as a response to the perceived ineffectiveness of non-violent methods in achieving independence.
- Leaders like Bhagat Singh emerged, advocating for more militant forms of resistance within India's struggle for freedom.
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Description
Explore key historical events and themes in 'India and the Contemporary World'. This quiz covers the contributions of Indian workers in South Africa and their struggles. Test your understanding of the context and significance of these movements in the larger narrative of India's history.
