Questions and Answers
Which of the following can be considered a primary prevention method for incontinence?
Incontinence is only a problem faced by older adults.
False
What is a common diagnostic test for elimination problems?
Urinalysis
One of the signs of acute renal failure is _____ decay.
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Match the diagnostic tests to their descriptions:
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Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with Chronic Renal Failure?
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Polycystic Kidney Disease is a hereditary condition that leads to fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys.
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What is the primary purpose of erythropoietin in the body?
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Condition characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli is called __________.
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Match the following conditions with their primary symptoms:
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Which dietary adjustment is recommended for a patient undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis?
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High WBC count is a symptom commonly found in patients with Appendicitis.
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What can be a complication of Chronic Renal Failure?
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Celiac Disease is characterized by a severe intolerance to __________.
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What nursing intervention should be avoided to prevent complications in patients with appendicitis?
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Study Notes
Signs and Symptoms of Incontinence
- Urgency: Sudden, compelling need to urinate.
- Frequency: Increased need to urinate, often at short intervals.
- Nursing interventions include lifestyle modifications, pelvic floor exercises, and pharmacological treatments.
Risk Factors for Elimination Problems
- Common populations at risk include children, pregnant women, and older adults.
- Factors such as urinary tract infections, neurological disorders, and certain medications can exacerbate incontinence.
Common Diagnostic Tests for Elimination Issues
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Laboratory Tests:
- Urinalysis for BUN, creatinine, culture, occult blood.
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Radiographic Tests:
- X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, ultrasounds.
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Direct Observations:
- Colonoscopy, cystoscopy, uroscopy, bladder stress test, urine flow studies.
Clinical Management of Elimination Problems
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Primary Prevention Examples:
- Hydration, adequate dietary fiber, regular toileting, exercise, avoiding environmental contamination.
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Secondary Prevention (Screenings):
- Colonoscopy, occult blood screening, prostate cancer screening.
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Tertiary Interventions:
- Address underlying causes, pharmacotherapy, incontinence management, invasive procedures, surgical options lasting up to one year.
Acute Renal Failure
- Prognosis improves if the cause is identified early; complications can include scarring affecting filtration.
- Leading causes of death associated with acute renal failure include infections and fluid volume excess (FVE), which results from compromised renal perfusion.
Causes of Chronic Renal Failure
- Common causes include pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, chronic urinary obstruction, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, gout, and polycystic kidney disease.
Signs and Symptoms of Chronic Renal Failure
- Symptoms include hypertension, anemia, lethargy, disorientation, edema, hyperkalemia, polyuria, to oliguria, and seizures.
- Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) falls below 30 mL/min, with normal range being 90-120 mL/min.
Management of Chronic Renal Failure
- Lab tests necessary for monitoring include BUN, creatinine, urine specific gravity, hemoglobin, and electrolyte panel.
Nursing Interventions for Hemodialysis
- Weigh patients before and after the procedure; monitor vital signs and blood pressure on the non-fistula arm.
- Assess access sites (e.g., arteriovenous fistula) for signs of infection and adequate circulation; auscultate for bruit and palpate for thrill.
Nursing Interventions for Peritoneal Dialysis
- Observe for edema, erythema, drainage, and tenderness; maintain aseptic technique.
- Increase dietary fiber and protein to compensate for nutrient loss during drainage.
Signs and Symptoms of Appendicitis
- Indicators include low-grade fever, nausea/vomiting, increased white blood cell count, rebound tenderness in the right lower quadrant, and positive Rovsing's sign.
Nursing Interventions for Appendicitis
- Avoid opioids before physician assessment to prevent masking symptoms of potential rupture.
- Apply cold therapy, monitor for signs of peritonitis, and avoid enemas or rectal temperatures.
Celiac Disease
- Genetic autoimmune disorder causing nutrient absorption disruption due to gluten ingestion, leading to damage in the small intestine's lining.
Signs and Symptoms of Celiac Disease
- Location of inflammation primarily in the mucosa and submucosa of the colon.
- Stool characteristics may include 15-20 liquid, bloody stools daily, potentially containing mucus and pus.
Complications of Celiac Disease
- Significant risks include bleeding, bowel rupture, severe abdominal bloating, nutritional deficiencies, and diarrhea leading to electrolyte imbalances.
Medical Management of Celiac Disease
- Focus on managing diarrhea, inflammation, and fluid/electrolyte imbalances; medications used may include anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, and antidiarrheals.
- Surgery might be necessary for significant cases, with options including colon resection or ileoanal anastomosis.
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Description
This quiz covers the signs and symptoms of urinary incontinence, including urgency and frequency. It also explores nursing interventions, risk factors, and common diagnostic tests used for elimination problems, focusing on populations such as children, pregnant women, and older adults.
