Incomplete Dominance Quiz

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What term did Mendel use to refer to a heritable feature that varies among individuals?

Genotype

Character (correct)

Phenotype

Trait

What did Mendel call each variant for a character, such as purple or white color for flowers?

Trait (correct)

Gene

Allele

Phenotype

In Mendel's experiments, what are plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate known as?

Hybrids

F1 generation

F2 generation

P generation (correct)

What generation is produced when F1 individuals self-pollinate or cross-pollinate with other F1 hybrids?

F2 generation Signup and view all the answers

What term did Mendel use to describe the process of mating two contrasting, true-breeding varieties?

Hybridization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT an advantage of using peas in Mendel's experiments?

Inability to control mating Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the hybrid offspring of the P generation in Mendel's experiments?

(F1) generation Signup and view all the answers

What type of disorder is Cystic Fibrosis?

Single-gene disorder Signup and view all the answers

In genetic testing and counseling, what can fetal and newborn testing reveal?

Genetic disorders Signup and view all the answers

Based on Mendelian genetics, if a couple both have a sibling with a recessively inherited disease, what is the probability that each child they have will have the disease?

1/9 Signup and view all the answers

What does amniocentesis test for?

Certain genetic disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of newborn screening?

To detect genetic disorders at birth Signup and view all the answers

What is one common test performed in most U.S. hospitals for newborns?

Phenylketonuria (PKU) Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by codominance?

When two dominant alleles are expressed at the same time Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes incomplete dominance?

When the phenotype of the heterozygote is somewhere between the phenotypes of both homozygotes Signup and view all the answers

What does pleiotropy refer to?

The ability of a single gene to have multiple phenotypic effects Signup and view all the answers

Which option defines epistasis correctly?

A phenomenon where one gene masks the expression of another gene Signup and view all the answers

In genetics, what does complementation mean?

A phenomenon where one gene compensates for the loss of function in another gene Signup and view all the answers

What is a lethal allele?

An allele that causes harmful effects when present in homozygous condition Signup and view all the answers

How are penetrance and expressivity different?

Penetrance refers to the range of symptoms observed, while expressivity refers to their severity Signup and view all the answers

What is genetic linkage?

The physical closeness of genes on a chromosome leading to their co-inheritance Signup and view all the answers

'Polygenic inheritance' involves:

...the additive effects of multiple genes on a single phenotype Signup and view all the answers

Why were peas an advantageous model for Mendel's experiments?

They exhibit a wide range of observable traits Signup and view all the answers

What made peas a good model for genetic studies according to Mendel?

Short generation time and large number of offspring Signup and view all the answers

What is a true-breeding plant?

A plant that produces offspring of the same variety when self-pollinated Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of peas was crucial for Mendel's experiments?

Their ability to self-fertilize Signup and view all the answers

Why did Mendel choose peas for his experiments instead of larger plants?

Peas had easily distinguishable traits and a short generation time Signup and view all the answers

What role did cross-pollination play in Mendel's experiments with peas?

It was crucial for generating variations in traits Signup and view all the answers

Which factor helped Mendel accurately track the inheritance of traits in pea plants?

$3/4$ ratio of dominant to recessive traits Signup and view all the answers

What was a key reason behind Mendel's success in conducting controlled genetic experiments with peas?

$10$-day generation time of pea plants Signup and view all the answers

'Mendel's pea plant experiments contributed significantly to the foundation of modern genetics.' Which aspect of his experiments supports this statement?

$9:3:3:1$ phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation Signup and view all the answers

In genetics, what does epistasis refer to?

The interaction between non-allelic genes where one masks the effect of another Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of polygenic inheritance?

Inheritance influenced by multiple genes Signup and view all the answers

How do non-allelic genes interact in epistasis?

One gene masks the effect of another Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the influence of the environment on phenotypic variation?

Environment can modify gene expression leading to phenotypic differences Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes polygenic inheritance from Mendelian inheritance?

Mendelian traits do not show additive effects of multiple genes Signup and view all the answers

When does epistasis occur in genetics?

When one gene affects the phenotypic expression of another gene Signup and view all the answers

Which is a key characteristic of polygenic traits?

They are controlled by more than one gene Signup and view all the answers

What impact does epistasis have on the phenotypic ratio in offspring?

It alters the expected Mendelian ratios Signup and view all the answers

How does polygenic inheritance differ from monogenic inheritance?

Polygenic inheritance results in continuous variation while monogenic inheritance leads to discrete variation. Signup and view all the answers