CHAPTER 8 - Stratification, Class, Inequality
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Questions and Answers

Since when has income inequality in the U.S. been increasing dramatically?

  • Since the 1970s (correct)
  • Since 2000
  • Since the 1990s
  • Since the Great Depression
  • What does the data illustrate about the distribution of income in the U.S. economy?

  • It favors the middle class
  • It has been distributed equally across all groups
  • It has increased uniformly for all income groups
  • It has not been distributed evenly across groups (correct)
  • What factor is indicated as not allowing everyone to share equally in the economy's productivity growth?

  • Technological advances
  • Government regulations
  • Inflation rates
  • Differences in income distribution (correct)
  • What was the hourly earnings ratio of college graduates to non-graduates in 2013?

    <p>Nearly double</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the marginal difference in median earnings thirty years ago for college graduates compared to non-graduates?

    <p>It was two-thirds higher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of wealth, what does a college education provide according to the U.S. Bureau of the Census?

    <p>Higher net worth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the median net worth of households headed by someone with only a high school diploma in 2013?

    <p>$36,795</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which year is referenced for comparing hourly earnings of college graduates and non-graduates?

    <p>2013</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary argument against the traditional view of the urban underclass?

    <p>They have greater mobility than previously thought.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the movement of individuals and groups through different class positions due to changes in income or occupation?

    <p>Social mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mobility compares the social positions of children to those of their parents?

    <p>Intergenerational mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is structural mobility primarily driven by?

    <p>An expansion of better-paid jobs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a hypothetical society with complete equality of opportunity, what type of mobility is expected to be prevalent?

    <p>Equal downward and upward mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of intragenerational mobility?

    <p>It occurs within a course of a person's career</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has been significant in social mobility in the United States since World War II?

    <p>Continually increasing prosperity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the misconception about the urban underclass regarding their social aspirations?

    <p>They are viewed as entirely passive and resigned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which profession has the highest rating on the list?

    <p>Computer programmer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What social factors have traditionally been relied upon in the analysis of class location?

    <p>Economic measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does recent literature suggest about the role of consumption?

    <p>It plays an increasing role in daily life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to recent perspectives, what influences individual identities more than traditional class indicators?

    <p>Lifestyle choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Pierre Bourdieu associate with social-class groups?

    <p>Cultural and economic capital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do lifestyle choices influence social class according to new sociological perspectives?

    <p>They shape individual identities more significantly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a lifestyle choice that influences identity?

    <p>Where to work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Americans identified as middle class in 2015?

    <p>47%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event contributed to the decline in the percentage of Americans identifying as middle class?

    <p>The 2008 recession</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is included in the upper middle class?

    <p>Engineers and corporate managers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate household income range for the upper middle class?

    <p>$100,000 - $200,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is less likely to be found among upper middle class members compared to the upper class?

    <p>High-end luxuries and social connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of all American households is classified as upper middle class?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend was observed among upper-middle-class professionals in finance and media?

    <p>Declines in pension and home-value wealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of self-described middle-class respondents reported difficulties maintaining their standard of living between 2001 and 2010?

    <p>85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which occupational group is included in the lower middle class?

    <p>Secretaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of American households is represented by the lower middle class?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical household income range for the lower middle class?

    <p>$40,000 to $100,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic group has shown an increase in identifying as lower middle class?

    <p>30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common educational background for members of the lower middle class?

    <p>High school education and some college degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been a significant change for lower middle class job security since the 2008 recession?

    <p>Declining job and financial security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do members of the lower middle class typically strive for their children's education?

    <p>Utilize work-study programs and student loans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following occupations has seen a decline in job security for lower middle class members?

    <p>Teachers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Caste is a social system where status is held for life

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered to be the most prestigious occupation in the US?

    <p>physician (medical)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The social class system is not fluid (movement is not possible).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the social class based on?

    <p>income, wealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stratification, Class, and Inequality

    • Americans, especially those with limited resources, are increasingly relying on loans to cover expenses.
    • Student loan debt is currently the largest form of borrowing in the United States when considering the total amount owed.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the shifts in income distribution in the United States between 1993 and 2015, focusing on the bottom 99 percent and the top 1 percent of households. It assesses changes in mean household income and discusses the rising trends of income inequality over time. Test your knowledge about how economic growth has affected different income groups.

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