Chapter 14 Monitoring and Incident Response

Questions and Answers

What is the first step that must be taken once an event is identified as potentially being part of an incident?

Recovery

Containment

Analysis (correct)

Eradication

Which of the following is NOT a part of the incident response process?

Containment

Enforcement (correct)

Recovery

Eradication

What is the role of containment in incident response?

Identify related events

Restore services to normal

Rebuild systems from backups

Prevent further damage (correct)

Why is complete eradication and verification crucial in incident response?

To ensure an incident is truly over Signup and view all the answers

What is typically conducted after an incident response to improve future responses?

Lessons learned session Signup and view all the answers

Which phase involves bringing systems or services back online?

Recovery Signup and view all the answers

What may containment involve to isolate impacted systems?

Quarantine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the eradication phase?

To remove artifacts from an incident Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of dashboards in security analysis?

To display high-level visual representations of critical information Signup and view all the answers

What role do sensors play in a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system?

They gather and forward data to the SIEM for analysis Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to set thresholds and filter rules in a SIEM?

To limit the volume of alerts generated Signup and view all the answers

Where are sensors typically deployed to gather security data?

In environments with high volumes of unique data generation Signup and view all the answers

What must be ensured when deploying sensors in a network?

They must be secured against attacks and compromises Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge organizations face regarding security data generation?

The massive amount of data that is produced Signup and view all the answers

What may sensors do to optimize data before it is ingested by the SIEM?

Perform preprocessing on the data Signup and view all the answers

What important component contributes to the functionality of SIEM dashboards?

Correlation engines and associated rules Signup and view all the answers

What type of monitoring involves analyzing system logs and utilizing central management tools?

System monitoring Signup and view all the answers

Which protocols are commonly used for monitoring infrastructure devices?

SNMP and syslog Signup and view all the answers

What does a security information and event management (SIEM) tool primarily do?

Collect and analyze log data from multiple sources Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to have devices like SIEM in a monitoring setup?

They consolidate logs from multiple devices and analyze them. Signup and view all the answers

Application monitoring may vary significantly based on what factor?

What the application provides Signup and view all the answers

What might be included in application monitoring?

Application logs and performance monitoring tools Signup and view all the answers

What role does heuristic analysis play in SIEM systems?

It learns patterns to improve threat detection over time. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is NOT true regarding system monitoring?

It is only applicable in cloud services. Signup and view all the answers

What qualifies as an indicator in the context of incident response?

Any observable behavior performed by an attacker Signup and view all the answers

What type of indicator includes those that have been publicly reported or documented?

Published/documented indicators Signup and view all the answers

What primary purpose do attack frameworks serve in incident response?

To understand adversaries and categorize tactics Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the MITRE ATT&CK knowledgebase?

Descriptions of adversary tactics and techniques Signup and view all the answers

During incident response, how might you apply the ATT&CK framework?

To categorize the tools used in an observed attack Signup and view all the answers

What should an incident responder be ready to do when analyzing an indicator?

Determine what may have happened and if an incident should be declared Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a phase in the incident response process?

Integration Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the ATT&CK framework is essential for threat assessment modeling?

Common descriptions and knowledge of threat behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key functions of a SIEM system when it receives data inputs?

It ingests the data and applies analytical techniques. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be considered an input for SIEM devices?

Packet capture from network traffic Signup and view all the answers

What analytical capability might SIEM systems utilize to assess user behavior?

Sentiment analysis through natural language processing Signup and view all the answers

What do SIEM systems use to provide alerts and track incident responses?

Forensic capabilities and workflow ticketing processes Signup and view all the answers

What might correlate with raw packet data in a SIEM system for improved incident analysis?

Firewall logs and IDS/IPS events Signup and view all the answers

Why has the term SIEM become more prevalent than SIM or SEM in the current market?

SIEM represents a broader, more matured focus in security management. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary visibility tool many security practitioners use when interacting with a SIEM?

SIEM dashboards Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the capabilities of SIEM systems?

They primarily focus on data storage without analysis. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Incident Response Process

Pay attention to indicators of compromise (IoCs) during security events.
Utilize log analysis and security monitoring to enhance incident detection.
Train staff on incident reporting and awareness to improve response times.

Analysis Phase

Analyze identified potential incidents by correlating related events and assessing their impact.
Understanding the target of the incident and its overall consequences is crucial for effective response.

Containment Strategy

Take immediate action to contain identified incidents and prevent escalation or further damage.
Isolation methods may include quarantine—restricting affected devices from accessing the network.

Eradication Stage

Focus on removing all artifacts related to the incident, which may require rebuilding systems from backups.
Achieve complete eradication to ensure the incident is fully resolved.

Recovery Phase

Restore normal operations by bringing systems and services back online while ensuring weaknesses are fixed.
Conduct post-incident analysis to prevent recurrence of the same incident.

Lessons Learned Sessions

Organize sessions to analyze incidents, fostering organizational improvement and preventing repeat mistakes.

Types of Indicators

Recognize that any behavior exhibited by an attacker can serve as an IoC.
Published/documented indicators are shared through threat feeds and information-sharing organizations.

Incident Response Frameworks

Utilize common terminology and frameworks, like MITRE ATT&CK, to categorize and document attack techniques.
Familiarize with the entirety of the threat life cycle for better incident handling.

Monitoring Computing Resources

Understand key monitoring types: systems, applications, and infrastructure.
Collect logs for system health and performance; application monitoring varies based on specific applications used.

Role of SIEM Systems

Centralize security monitoring through security information and event management (SIEM) systems.
SIEM systems collect log data from multiple sources, allowing for correlation and advanced analysis.

SIEM Features

SIEM tools can alert, report, and respond to potential security incidents and user behavior analysis.
Capable of performing packet capture for in-depth incident investigation and correlating various log sources.

SIEM Dashboard Utility

Dashboards provide visual representation of critical security data to help analysts identify abnormalities.
Configure dashboards to focus on key metrics and trends relevant to organizational security needs.

Sensor Deployment

Sensors gather additional data for SIEMs and are critical for environments that generate large volumes of unique data.
Proper placement and security of sensors are essential to protect data acquisition efforts from compromise.

Managing Sensitivity and Alerts

Adjust sensitivity and thresholds in SIEM systems to control the volume of alerts and minimize noise.
Implement filtering rules to ensure that critical alerts are prioritized for response.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key components of incident response management. This quiz covers the importance of recognizing compromise indicators, conducting log analysis, and implementing effective monitoring and awareness programs. Additionally, it addresses the critical phases of analysis and containment in incident management.