Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of participants noticed the unexpected event when they were focused on monitoring basketball passes?
What percentage of participants noticed the unexpected event when they were focused on monitoring basketball passes?
- 28%
- 38%
- 48% (correct)
- 58%
Which unexpected event was NOT part of the study conducted by Neisser?
Which unexpected event was NOT part of the study conducted by Neisser?
- An umbrella woman
- A man with a hat (correct)
- A gorilla woman
- Both A and B
What was the primary aim of Neisser's experiment on inattentional blindness?
What was the primary aim of Neisser's experiment on inattentional blindness?
- To investigate cognitive load during sports activities
- To explore inattentional blindness for unexpected objects in dynamic scenes (correct)
- To increase awareness of sports
- To measure the effectiveness of video techniques in education
How many participants were ultimately included in the study after discarding data?
How many participants were ultimately included in the study after discarding data?
In what type of experimental design was Neisser's study conducted?
In what type of experimental design was Neisser's study conducted?
What was the distinctive characteristic of the gorilla unexpected event in the study?
What was the distinctive characteristic of the gorilla unexpected event in the study?
What cognitive load condition made it easier for participants to notice unexpected events?
What cognitive load condition made it easier for participants to notice unexpected events?
Which of the following statements about the video conditions in Neisser's experiment is true?
Which of the following statements about the video conditions in Neisser's experiment is true?
What was the main purpose of the study involving participants counting passes in a basketball video?
What was the main purpose of the study involving participants counting passes in a basketball video?
Which condition required participants to count bounce and aerial passes separately?
Which condition required participants to count bounce and aerial passes separately?
What was the result regarding the participants' ability to notice the gorilla in the video?
What was the result regarding the participants' ability to notice the gorilla in the video?
What does the higher standard deviation in the Hard condition suggest about participants' tasks?
What does the higher standard deviation in the Hard condition suggest about participants' tasks?
What percentage of participants noticed the unexpected event while in the Easy condition?
What percentage of participants noticed the unexpected event while in the Easy condition?
What was the finding regarding the relationship between detecting the unexpected event and the accuracy of counting?
What was the finding regarding the relationship between detecting the unexpected event and the accuracy of counting?
What impact did the opaque condition have on participants noticing the unexpected event?
What impact did the opaque condition have on participants noticing the unexpected event?
What does the term 'inattentional blindness' refer to in the context of this study?
What does the term 'inattentional blindness' refer to in the context of this study?
Flashcards
Inattentional Blindness
Inattentional Blindness
Failure to notice a fully visible, unexpected object in a scene because your attention is focused on another task.
Easy Condition
Easy Condition
A condition in the study where participants were asked to count the number of passes made by either the black or white team.
Hard Condition
Hard Condition
A condition in the study where participants were asked to separately count the number of bounce and aerial passes made by either the black or white team.
Standard Deviation (SD)
Standard Deviation (SD)
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Transparent Condition
Transparent Condition
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Opaque Condition
Opaque Condition
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Holism
Holism
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Sample
Sample
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Independent measures design
Independent measures design
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Cognitive load
Cognitive load
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Video conditions
Video conditions
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Unexpected events
Unexpected events
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Shirt color condition
Shirt color condition
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Controlled observation
Controlled observation
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Study Notes
Inattentional Blindness Study
-
Background: Neisser's experiment found that only 48% of participants noticed an unexpected event (a woman holding an umbrella or a gorilla) while watching basketball passes. This dropped to 50% for those counting passes while viewing an opaque video.
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Aim: Investigate inattentional blindness in dynamic scenes.
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Method:
- Participants: 228 Harvard undergraduates (12 groups for controlled observation).
- Design: Independent measures design with 16 conditions.
- Independent Variables (IVs):
- Unexpected event (umbrella woman, gorilla woman)
- Cognitive load (easy: count total passes, hard: count bounce/aerial passes)
- Shirt color (white or black team)
- Video transparency (live/opaque vs. transparent video)
- Procedure: Participants watched video of teams passing basketballs. Unexpected event (gorilla/woman) occurred during video. Easy or hard cognitive load condition. Afterwards, asked questions about the event. Researchers verified answers. Participants were debriefed and those who'd heard of the study before their data was excluded.
- Materials: Two opaque and two transparent videotapes with basketball teams.
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Controls: Standard deviation analysis, determined hard condition was more challenging than easy condition; participants counting accuracy is unrelated to noticing the unexpected event.
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Findings:
- Only 50% noticed the unexpected event when monitoring one team and counting easily.
- More participants noticed the unexpected event in opaque (live) videos compared to transparent.
- Significantly more noticed the unexpected event in the easy counting condition (64%) than the hard (45%). This shows limited attention; task difficulty hinders noticing unexpected events.
- The gorilla was more easily noticed when participants were counting the black team than the white. No difference for the umbrella woman.
- Unexpected events are more noticeable if visually similar to what participants are actively paying attention to.
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