22 Questions
What is the primary target of radiation in the biological system?
DNA molecule
What is the primary mechanism by which radiation causes biological effects?
Both direct and indirect effects
What is the role of free radicals in the biological effects of radiation?
Free radicals are energetic molecules that can transfer their excess energy to DNA, causing bond breaks
How is hydrogen peroxide formed during the radiolysis of water?
Hydrogen peroxide is formed by the interaction of two hydroxyl radicals
What is the role of hydroperoxyl radicals in the radiolysis of water?
Hydroperoxyl radicals are formed by the interaction of hydrogen radicals with oxygen
Which of the following is a biologic factor that affects radiosensitivity?
All of the above
Which of the following statements is correct about the effect of radiation on chromosomes?
Radiation-induced chromosome aberrations follow a non-threshold dose-response relationship.
What are isochromatids in the context of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations?
A type of chromosome aberration where a chromosome has extra material.
Which of the following statements is correct about the effect of radiation on DNA?
Radiation can interact with DNA through direct and indirect effects.
What does a 'single-hit' refer to in the context of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations?
A chromosome that has been hit by a single radiation particle.
Which of the following statements is incorrect about the effect of radiation on skin cells?
The dose-response relationship for radiation-induced skin damage is linear and non-threshold.
Which of the following cells are described as the most radiosensitive in the body?
Lymphocytes and spermatogonia
What is the primary target of radiation in a cell?
DNA
Which type of DNA damage is considered lethal for a cell?
Double-strand breaks
What is the primary mechanism by which cells die after irradiation?
Mitotic death
What is the consequence of a base damage in DNA?
It alters the base sequence, potentially causing a mutation
Which of the following is a direct effect of radiation on water molecules?
All of the above
What is the primary mechanism by which radiation causes damage to DNA?
Both direct ionization and indirect damage through free radicals
What is the primary consequence of a double-strand break in DNA?
It may lead to cell death
Which of the following is NOT a type of radiation damage described in the text?
Irreversible damage
What is the primary function of DNA in a cell?
Storing genetic information
Which of the following statements about single-strand breaks in DNA is correct?
They are relatively inconsequential and can be efficiently repaired
Explore the effects of in vivo irradiation on macromolecules, including main-chain scission, cross-linking, and point-lesion. Learn how irradiation can lead to the reduction of a long chain into smaller molecules and affect the viscosity of the solution.
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