Improvement in Food Resources and Crop Yields
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Questions and Answers

What do we get from cereals, pulses, fruits and vegetables?

Cereals provide us with carbohydrates, pulses provide us with proteins, fruits and vegetables provide us with vitamins and minerals.

How do biotic and abiotic factors affect crop production? (Select all that apply)

  • Abiotic factors can influence the amount of sunlight available to crops. (correct)
  • Biotic factors play a major role in the pollination process.
  • Abiotic factors can affect the soil's ability to retain moisture. (correct)
  • Abiotic factors like drought, salinity, and waterlogging can hinder crop growth. (correct)
  • Biotic factors like diseases, insects, and nematodes can damage crops. (correct)

    • What are the desirable agronomic characteristics for crop improvements?

    Some desirable agronomic characteristics include higher yield, improved quality, biotic and abiotic resistance, shorter maturity duration, wider adaptability, and desirable traits regarding branching, such as tallness for fodder crops and dwarfness for cereals.

    Match the following programming languages with their primary usage:

    <p>Python = General-purpose programming JavaScript = Client-side scripting for web applications SQL = Database queries CSS = Styling web pages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Organic farming is a farming system with minimal or no use of chemicals as fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, etc., and with a maximum input of organic manures, recyled farm wastes, and bio-agents, with healthy cropping systems.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compare the use of manure and fertilizers in maintaining soil fertility.

    <p>Manure is organic matter derived from decomposing animal waste and plant material, enriching the soil with nutrients and improving structure. Fertilizers are commercially produced chemical compounds that supply essential nutrients to plants, but their excessive use can have negative impacts on soil health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions will give the most benefits? Why?

    <p>Farmers use quality seeds, adopt irrigation, use fertilizer and use crop protection measures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What management practices are common in dairy farming?

    <p>Common management practices in dairy farming include providing proper feed and shelter, maintaining hygiene and sanitation, implementing disease control measures, and ensuring proper milking techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the differences between broilers and layers and in their management?

    <p>Broilers are chickens raised primarily for meat, while layers are chickens bred for egg production. Broilers are typically fed with high-protein diets to promote rapid growth, whereas layers are fed diets balanced for egg production. Management practices for broilers focus on optimizing growth and minimizing mortality, while management for layers emphasizes maximizing egg production and maintaining egg quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the desirable characters of bee varieties suitable for honey production?

    <p>Desirable characters for honey production include high honey collection capacity, relatively low stinging behavior, ability to stay in a given hive for long periods, and good breeding habits. These characteristics contribute to efficient and profitable honey production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pasturage and how is it related to honey production?

    <p>Pasturage refers to the available flowering plants that provide nectar and pollen to honeybees. The type and quantity of flowering plants in the pasturage directly influence the quality and flavor of the honey produced. A diverse and abundant pasturage provides a good source of nectar and pollen for honeybees, resulting in higher honey production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fish is a cheap source of animal protein for our food.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Improvement in Food Resources

    • All living organisms require food, including proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals for growth and health.
    • Plants and animals are major sources.
    • Efforts to improve food production are ongoing due to population growth and increasing demand, particularly in India.
    • Current production methods are often unsustainable, requiring improvement in efficiency while preserving natural resources.
    • Food security requires both availability and affordability. Increasing incomes for those involved in agriculture is crucial.
    • Sustainable agricultural practices are needed, including mixed farming, inter-cropping, and integrated farming like combining agriculture with livestock, poultry, fisheries, or bee-keeping.

    Improvement in Crop Yields

    • Cereals (wheat, rice, maize, millets, sorghum) provide carbohydrates for energy.
    • Pulses (gram, pea, black gram, green gram, pigeon pea, lentil) offer protein.
    • Oilseeds (soybean, groundnut, sesame, castor, mustard, linseed, sunflower) provide fats.
    • Vegetables, spices, and fruits provide vitamins, minerals, proteins, and carbohydrates.
    • Fodder crops (berseem, oats, sudan grass) are used for livestock feed.

    Crop Variety Improvement

    • Selecting and breeding crop varieties with desired traits is crucial.
    • Traits like disease resistance, fertilizer responsiveness, and high yield are incorporated.
    • Hybridisation (crossing between varieties, species, or genera) is used to create new varieties.
    • Genetic modification (introducing desirable genes) is another approach to create improved crop varieties.

    Crop Production Management

    • Nutrient management is essential; plants need nutrients from the air (carbon and oxygen), water (hydrogen), and soil (thirteen other nutrients).
    • Macro-nutrients (required in large quantities) and micro-nutrients (required in small quantities) are categorized in the soil, air, and water.
    • Manure contains large quantities of organic matter and nutrients and improves soil fertility and structure.
    • Fertilizers are commercially produced plant nutrients. Regular use can negatively impact soil fertility.

    Irrigation

    • India uses diverse irrigation systems (wells, canals, rivers, tanks) based on water resources availability.
    • Ensuring access to water throughout the growing season is crucial to improve crop yields.
    • Rain-fed agriculture is dependent on timely monsoons, and alternate practices like rainwater harvesting and watershed management can enhance land productivity.
    • Irrigation enables multiple crop cycles in an area.

    Cropping Patterns

    • Mixed cropping: Planting two or more crops simultaneously in a field (e.g., wheat and gram, or wheat and mustard).
    • Intercropping: Planting two or more crops in a specific pattern to utilize resources more efficiently.
    • Crop rotation: Sequencing different crops on a piece of land over time.

    Crop Protection Management

    • Weeds are unwanted plants, and effective control is necessary as they compete for resources, reducing yield.
    • Insect pests damage plants by eating leaves, stems, and roots or sucking sap.
    • Diseases from bacteria, fungi, and viruses can harm crops and drastically reduce yield.
    • Effective crop protection involves early and precise control methods, including preventive measures like healthy planting practices, crop rotation, and resistant variety development.

    Animal Husbandry

    • Scientific management of animal livestock (cattle, goats, sheep, poultry, fish) is known as animal husbandry, increasing the demand for meat, milk, and eggs with population growth and improved living standards.
    • Milk and draught purposes are achieved through improved livestock breeds.
    • Vaccination against diseases like bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections can ensure higher yields.

    Poultry Farming

    • Poultry farming is utilized for egg and chicken meat production.
    • Improved breeds are necessary for increased yield and efficiency.
    • Hygiene, appropriate feeding, and vaccination against diseases are crucial components of a successful poultry farm.

    Fish Production

    • Fish are a significant source of animal protein.
    • Capture fishing involves collecting fish from natural water bodies, and culture fishery (or aquaculture) is used for fish farming.
    • Composite fish culture involves rearing of different fish species with varying feeding habits to maximize the use of available resources in a pond.

    Bee-Keeping

    • Beekeeping is an integral part of agriculture to produce honey and beeswax.
    • Choosing appropriate bee varieties with qualities, such as high honey collection capacity, and disease resistance to increase productivity.

    General

    • The use of manure and fertilizers in maintaining soil fertility is part of healthy sustainable agricultural practices.
    • Effective management practices are critical in various agricultural sectors for higher yields and environmental sustainability.

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    Chapter 12 Improvement in Food Resources PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the necessity of improving food resources and crop yields to sustain a growing population. It examines the roles of plants and animals in food production, the need for sustainable agricultural practices, and the importance of food security through availability and affordability. Test your knowledge on the various aspects of agricultural improvement and its significance.

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