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Questions and Answers
What is the smallest unit of matter?
Which process involves the fusion of Hydrogen in the core of stars?
What is defined as atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic mass?
Which stellar process involves the transformation of three helium-4 nuclei particles into carbon?
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What catalytic cycle occurs in stars like red giants converting helium to carbon?
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What event leads to the formation of elements heavier than Iron (Fe) in stars?
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Which process involves the slow neutron capture process in red giants?
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What is the term for electromagnetic radiation from an early stage of the Big Bang?
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In the Big Bang theory, what event follows the Singularity phase?
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Which process involves the conversion of Helium into heavier elements in stars?
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What structure results from the fusion of Hydrogen in the core of stars?
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Which term represents pure substances that represent something in the field of chemistry?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- Atom: smallest unit of matter
- Proton: positive charge
- Neutron: uncharged
- Electron: negative charge
- Atomic Number: indicates number of protons
- Atomic Mass: sum of protons and neutrons
Elements and Isotopes
- Element: pure substance that represents something
- Isotope: atoms with same atomic number but different atomic mass
- Ions: same number of protons but different in electrons
Physical Sciences
- Physical Science: studies non-living systems
- Chemistry: studies non-living systems
- Physics: studies non-living systems
- Cosmology: involves the origin and evolution of the universe
Big Bang Theory
- Big Bang: universe started as hot and dense
- Stages of Big Bang:
- Singularity: universe started as hot and dense
- Inflation: exponential expansion of space
- Nucleosynthesis: universe cools, creating new atomic nuclei
- Recombination: charged electrons and protons bound to form Hydrogen
- Annihilation: particle and anti-particle collide and disappear
Factors Affecting the Big Bang
- Redshift: displacement of spectral line with longer wavelengths
- Cosmic Microwave Background: electromagnetic radiation from an early stage of Big Bang
- Stellar Formation and Evolution: formation of heavy elements (heavier than Be to Fe)
Stellar Evolution
- Main Sequence Star: fusion of Hydrogen in the core of stars
- Proton-proton chain reaction: stars convert hydrogen to helium
- CNO Cycle (carbon-nitrogen-oxygen): catalytic cycle
- Red Giant/Red Super Giant Star: formation of heavy elements
- Triple-Alpha Process: three helium-4 nuclei particles transform into carbon
- Alpha Ladder: convert Helium into heavier elements
- S-process: slow neutron capture process in red giants
- Stellar Explosion or Supernova: formation of elements heavier than Fe
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of key terminologies in Physical Science, including Atom, Proton, Neutron, Electron, and more.
