Important Physical Constants and Values

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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate speed of light in a vacuum?

  • $3.00 \times 10^8$ m/s (correct)
  • $3.00 \times 10^7$ m/s
  • $2.99 \times 10^7$ m/s
  • $3.00 \times 10^9$ m/s

What is the value of the Coulomb constant?

$9 \times 10^9 Nm^2/C^2$

The permittivity of vacuum has a value of approximately $8.85 \times 10^{-15} C^2/Nm^2$.

False (B)

The elementary charge, which is the charge of a proton, is approximately ______ Coulombs.

<p>$1.6 \times 10^{-19}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate mass of an electron?

<p>$9.11 \times 10^{-31}$ kg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mass of a proton is significantly less than the mass of a neutron.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give the value of the Gravitational constant.

<p>$6.67 \times 10^{-11} Nm^2/kg^2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the units for permeability of vacuum?

<p>T⋅m/A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The value of the Rydberg constant is approximately ______ $m^{-1}$.

<p>$1.097 \times 10^7$</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plank's constant is approximately $6.625 \times 10^{-34} J/s$.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate value of the Boltzmann constant?

<p>$1.38 \times 10^{-23}$ J/K (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of an alpha particle ($q_\alpha$) in terms of the elementary charge (e)?

<p>2e</p> Signup and view all the answers

The gyromagnetic ratio is given by $\frac{e}{2m}$ and its value is ______ $C/kg$.

<p>$8.79 \times 10^{10}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Bohr magneton ($\mu_B$) is approximately equal to:

<p>$9.27 \times 10^{-24}$ J/T (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Bohr Radius ($a_0$) is defined as $0.053 \text{ Å}$.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate value of Avogadro's number?

<p>$6.023 \times 10^{23}$ mol$^{-1}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The atomic mass unit (amu) is defined as $1.66 \times 10^{27}$ kg.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the mass-energy equivalence, what is the energy equivalent of 1 atomic mass unit (1u) in MeV?

<p>931.5 MeV</p> Signup and view all the answers

One commercial unit of energy (1 kWh) is equivalent to:

<p>$3.6 \times 10^6$ J (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following constants with their appropriate values or units:

<p>Speed of Light in Vacuum = $3 \times 10^8$ m/s Elementary Charge = $1.6 \times 10^{-19}$ C Gravitational Constant = $6.67 \times 10^{-11} Nm^2/kg^2$ Boltzmann Constant = $1.38 \times 10^{-23} J/K</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the permittivity of vacuum were higher, which of the following would be affected?

<p>The speed of light. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the mass of the electron were significantly larger, the Rydberg constant would increase.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would an increase in the Gravitational constant affect the gravitational force between two objects?

<p>It would increase the gravitational force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If Boltzman constant ($K_b$) increases, the average kinetic energy of particles at a given temperature will ______.

<p>increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which change would allow the Bohr radius to also increase?

<p>Increase the permittivity of vacuum. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the charge of an alpha particle were halved, its interaction with electric fields would remain the same.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would a decrease in Avogadro's number affect the number of atoms in one mole of a substance?

<p>It would decrease the number of atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

If mass-energy equivalence is decreased, the amount of energy released during nuclear fission of one atomic mass unit will ______.

<p>decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compared to homes using traditional energy methods, homes using commercial energy are likely to:

<p>Consume a definite amount of energy over a period of time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following constants with how they might affect the world around us, if their values differed:

<p>Speed of Light in Vacuum = Changes would affect relativistic effects and fundamental interactions. Gravitational Constant = Determine the amount of force between the masses. Elementary Charge = Affects strength of electromagnetic forces. Avogadro Number = Alters the number of particles needed for chemical reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Speed of light in vacuum

The speed at which light travels in a vacuum.

Coulomb Constant

The constant that relates electric force, distance, and charge.

Permittivity of Vacuum

A measure of how easily an electric field can permeate a vacuum.

Charge of electron/proton

The magnitude of the negative charge carried by a single electron or the positive charge of a single proton.

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Mass of electron

The mass of a single electron.

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Mass of Proton

The mass of a single proton.

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Mass of Neutron

The mass of a single neutron.

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Gravitational Constant

The constant which determines the strength of the gravitational force between two objects.

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Permeability of Vacuum

A measure of the ability of a vacuum to support the formation of a magnetic field.

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Rydberg Constant

A constant used in atomic physics to describe the spectrum of light emitted by atoms.

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Boltzmann Constant

The constant relating the average kinetic energy of particles in a gas with the temperature of the gas.

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Plack Constant

The quantum of action, relating energy to frequency.

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Gyromagnetic Ratio

The ratio of the charge to twice the mass of a particle.

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Bohr magneton

A physical constant expressing the magnetic moment of an electron caused by its spin.

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Bohr Radius

The most probable distance between the nucleus and the electron in a hydrogen atom.

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Avogadro Number

The number of atoms, molecules, or ions in one mole of a substance.

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Atomic mass unit

A unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular weights.

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Mass-energy equivalent

The amount of energy equivalent to one atomic mass unit

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Commercial Unit of Energy

A unit of energy commonly used for billing purposes.

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Study Notes

  • Important Constants presents a list of key physical constants with their values.

Speed of Light in Air/Vacuum

  • The speed of light in a vacuum is a universal physical constant, precisely (3 \times 10^8) meters per second (m/s).

Coulomb Constant

  • Coulomb's constant (K) is a fundamental constant in electromagnetism, with an approximate value of (9 \times 10^9) Nm²/C².

Permittivity of Vacuum

  • The permittivity of free space ((\varepsilon_0)), also known as the electric constant, is approximately (8.85 \times 10^{-12}) C²/Nm².

Charge of Electron/Proton

  • The elementary charge (e) is the electric charge carried by a single proton or electron, with a magnitude of (1.6 \times 10^{-19}) Coulombs (C).

Mass of Electron

  • The mass of an electron ((m_e)) is approximately (9.11 \times 10^{-31}) kilograms (Kg).

Mass of Proton

  • The mass of a proton ((m_p)) is approximately (1.67 \times 10^{-27}) kilograms (Kg).

Mass of Neutron

  • The mass of a neutron ((m_n)) is approximately (1.67 \times 10^{-27}) kilograms (Kg).

Gravitational Constant

  • The gravitational constant (G) is approximately (6.67 \times 10^{-11}) Nm²/Kg².

Permeability of Vacuum

  • The permeability of free space ((\mu_0)) is (4\pi \times 10^{-7}) Tm/A.

Rydberg Constant

  • The Rydberg constant (R) is approximately (1.097 \times 10^7) m⁻¹.

Planck Constant

  • Planck's constant (h) is approximately (6.625 \times 10^{-34}) J × s.

Boltzmann Constant

  • The Boltzmann constant ((K_b)) is approximately (1.38 \times 10^{-23}) J/k.

Charge of α Particle

  • The charge of an alpha particle ((q_\alpha)) is (2e), where e is the elementary charge.

Gyromagnetic Ratio

  • The gyromagnetic ratio (\frac{e}{2m_e}) is approximately (8.79 \times 10^{10}) C/Kg.

Bohr Magneton

  • The Bohr magneton ((m_e)) is approximately (9.27 \times 10^{-24}) J/T.

Bohr Radius

  • The Bohr radius ((m_0)) is approximately (0.53) Ångströms (A).

Avogadro Number

  • Avogadro's number ((N_A)) is approximately (6.023 \times 10^{23}) mol⁻¹.

Atomic Mass Unit

  • One atomic mass unit (1u) is (1.66 \times 10^{-27}) kg.

Mass-Energy Equivalent

  • The mass-energy equivalent relation is provided by the following:
    • mass = 1u
    • energy = 931.5Mev

Commercial Unit of Energy

  • The commercial unit of energy, 1 kilowatt-hour (1Kwh), is equivalent to 1 unit or (3.6 \times 10^6) Joules (J).

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