Important Figures in US Expansionism

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Questions and Answers

What role did Sanford Dole play in Hawaiian history?

He led the opposition against the annexation of Hawaii.

He was the last reigning queen of Hawaii.

He was a military leader during the Hawaiian wars.

He petitioned for Hawaii's annexation to the U.S. after overthrowing the monarchy. (correct)

What was the primary aim of President Taft's 'Dollar Diplomacy'?

To establish military bases in foreign countries.

To expand American investments abroad. (correct)

To promote isolationism in American foreign policy.

To reduce tariffs on foreign imports.

Which statement describes an extractive economy?

A trade system ensuring fair exchange of resources between nations.

An economy focused on exporting finished goods from colonies.

A system that encourages local manufacturing in colonies.

An economic system where raw materials are removed for colonial benefit. (correct)

What was the purpose of the 'Gentlemen's Agreement' between the U.S. and Japan?

To end segregation of Asian children in public schools. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Open Door policy crafted by John Hay?

It aimed to prevent exclusive trading rights in China. Signup and view all the answers

What was Emilio Aguinaldo's role during the fight for independence in the 1890s?

He led the Filipino forces against Spain. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Big stick' diplomacy refer to?

The use of strong military presence to achieve goals. Signup and view all the answers

What initiated the Boxer Rebellion in China?

A secret society promoting anti-foreign sentiments. Signup and view all the answers

What significant military achievement is George Dewey known for?

Defeating the Spanish at the Battle of Manila Bay. Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Aguinaldo after the US presence in the Philippines was established?

He organized an insurrection against US rule. Signup and view all the answers

What did Alfred Thayer Mahan advocate for to strengthen the United States?

Establishing a powerful navy Signup and view all the answers

What was José Marti's role in Cuban history?

He led the Cuban Revolutionary Party. Signup and view all the answers

What is the essence of Woodrow Wilson's 'Moral Diplomacy'?

To promote human rights without the use of force Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of the Open Door Policy?

To promote free trade in China Signup and view all the answers

What did the Platt Amendment establish for Cuba?

Conditions for U.S. intervention to preserve order Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Spheres of Influence'?

A region dominated and controlled by an outside power Signup and view all the answers

Which role is associated with William Howard Taft?

Civilian governor of the Philippines Signup and view all the answers

What significant influence did Frederick J. Turner have on historical writing?

He encouraged the use of social science concepts in historical analysis Signup and view all the answers

What event led to General John J. Pershing's expeditionary force being sent into Mexico?

The killing of 18 Americans by Pancho Villa's forces Signup and view all the answers

Who is known for spreading Western values as a religious missionary?

Josiah Strong Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Great White Fleet sent by Roosevelt in 1907?

To showcase American naval power and diplomacy Signup and view all the answers

How did the ideas of Strong, Mahan, and Taylor influence the concept of Manifest Destiny?

They highlighted the significance of naval power and international influence. Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary argument of imperialists concerning U.S. control of the Philippines?

The U.S. had a moral obligation to civilize and uplift the Filipino people. Signup and view all the answers

What did anti-imperialists argue regarding U.S. control of the Philippines?

It was inconsistent with U.S. principles of self-determination. Signup and view all the answers

What role did naval power play in the expansion of U.S. influence, according to Strong, Mahan, and Taylor?

It was crucial for establishing international respect and authority. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Important People

Emilio Aguinaldo: Leader of Filipino forces against Spain; fought against US presence after Spanish-American War, leading to US capture in 1899.
George Dewey: US naval commander who defeated Spain at Manila Bay in 1898, contributing to US victory in the Spanish-American War.
Sanford B. Dole: Played a key role in the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy; became the first governor of Hawaii after its annexation by the US in 1898.
John Hay: US Secretary of State who crafted the Open Door Policy in 1899, advocating for free trade in China.
William Randolph Hearst: Powerful newspaper publisher who popularized investigative journalism and sensationalist reporting.
Queen Liliuokalani: Last sovereign of Hawaii, overthrown by plantation owners in 1893, leading to US annexation in 1899.
Alfred Thayer Mahan: US naval officer and historian who advocated for a strong navy and overseas expansion, emphasizing the importance of naval bases and a canal through Central America.
José Martí: Cuban writer and leader of the 1895 Cuban Revolution against Spain, seeking independence.
Josiah Strong: Religious missionary and author of "Our Country: Its Possible Future and its Present Crisis," advocating for American expansion and Western values. He believed that the nation had a moral obligation to take over other territories. This contributed to the idea that America should expand across the Pacific.
William Howard Taft: US President who promoted "Dollar Diplomacy" and served as Governor-General of the Philippines, focusing on economic development and stability.
Frederick Jackson Turner: American historian who developed the "frontier thesis," arguing that the American character had been shaped by westward expansion.
Francisco "Pancho" Villa: Mexican revolutionary guerrilla leader whose actions in 1916 led to a US military expedition into Mexico.

Key Concepts and Policies

"Big Stick" diplomacy: Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy characterized by military strength and preparedness.
"Dollar Diplomacy": William Howard Taft's policy of using financial influence and investments to advance American interests.
Extractive economy: A colonial system where the colonizing country extracts raw materials for its own benefit at the expense of the colonized population.
"Gentlemen's Agreement": Agreement between US and Japan to end segregation of Asian children in US schools in exchange for Japan limiting its emigration to the US.
Imperialism: Domination of weaker territories by stronger nations through political, military, and economic means.
"Moral Diplomacy": Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy based on promoting human rights and democratic principles.
Open Door Policy: US policy aiming for equal access to trade in China, preventing colonial powers from dominating the country.
Platt Amendment: Conditions imposed on Cuba after the Spanish-American War, limiting Cuba's sovereignty and allowing US intervention.
Roosevelt Corollary: Extension of the Monroe Doctrine, asserting US dominance in the Western Hemisphere, including intervening to maintain stability.
Rough Riders: Volunteer regiment of cowboys and Eastern elite who fought in the Spanish-American War.
Spheres of Influence: Areas dominated and controlled by external powers, often in a context of rivalries for influence.

Manifest Destiny

The concept of Manifest Destiny justified the expansion of the U.S. across North America.
It was further extended by figures like Strong (religious and moral justifications), Mahan (naval power), and Taylor (importance of overseas territories) to encompass global influence.

The Philippines Debate

Imperialists: Argued that the US had a moral obligation to control the Philippines, believing it was their duty to uplift the Filipino people.
Anti-imperialists: Opposed US control, arguing that it violated the nation's principles of self-determination and democracy. They saw imperialism as contradictory to American values.

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Description

This quiz explores key individuals who influenced America's expansionist policies in the late 19th century. From leaders in military conflicts to those who shaped foreign policy, test your knowledge on these pivotal figures and their contributions to US history.