Questions and Answers
What is one of the primary reasons for reading literature?
Which statement best defines literature according to Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary?
What did the Spaniards implement in the Philippines during their colonization that affected literary practices?
How did American colonization influence education and literature in the Philippines?
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Which of the following periods marked the first documented literary works in Philippine history?
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What effect did the use of English as a medium of instruction have on Filipino literature during the American Period?
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Which period saw a shift in Filipino literature toward writing predominantly in Filipino due to external restrictions?
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Which literary theme became prevalent during the Japanese occupation in the Philippines?
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What was a significant initiative for Filipino artists after World War II?
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What role did the Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature play in the development of Philippine literature?
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Study Notes
Importance of Literature
- Literature exercises the imagination and transports readers to different periods and places.
- It allows individuals to see the world through diverse perspectives, enhancing empathy and understanding.
- Great literary works shape societal values and culture.
- Reading literature encourages self-reflection and enriches vocabulary and language skills.
- Literature aids in comprehending various aspects of humanity and human experiences.
Philippine Literary Periods
Pre-colonial Period (Early Time - 1564)
- Philippine literature began before Spanish colonization, rooted in oral traditions and folk tales.
Spanish Period (1565 - 1898)
- Initiated by the arrival of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi.
- The Catholic Church replaced indigenous traditions, influencing literary themes.
- Spanish became the literary language; literary works often had religious tones.
- "Doctrina Christiana," printed by Fr. Juan de Palencia, marked the first book in the Philippines.
- Writing systems were rendered inoperable by colonizers.
- Propaganda Movement emerged among young Filipino expatriates seeking reform.
American Period (1898 - 1946)
- Introduction of free public education and the English language as the medium of instruction.
- Filipino literature imitated American writing styles, embedding Anglo-American culture within the educated population.
- Notable Filipino writers included Paz Marquez Benitez, Manuel E. Arguilla, and José Garcia Villa.
Japanese Period (1941 - 1945)
- English newspapers were banned, prompting writers to create in Filipino.
- Common themes included nationalism and rural life.
- The literature scene faced restrictions on freedom of expression due to Japanese rule.
- Prominent writers were Salvador Lopez, Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero, and Carlos Bulosan.
Under the Republic (1946 - 1985)
- Post-war literature in English thrived, influenced by U.S. education.
- Fulbright Program provided opportunities for artists and writers to study in the U.S.
- Significant literary works were produced, such as "Without Seeing the Dawn" by Stevan Javellana and "May Day Eve" by Nick Joaquin.
Contemporary Period (1986 - Present)
- A surge of literary activity followed the Martial Law years, emphasizing activism and social issues.
- Oral literature thrived in various Filipino communities while the Philippine novel focused on social realism.
- The Palanca Memorial Awards established in 1950 incentivized Filipino writers through competitions and cash prizes.
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Description
This quiz explores the definition and value of literature, particularly in the context of Philippine literary history from pre-colonial times to the contemporary period. Understand how literature enhances imagination and allows us to experience different eras and cultures. Test your knowledge about why literature is essential.
