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Questions and Answers
why is it important to evaluate zoo enrichment projects or visitor-animal interactions? may be ____ and waste time and ____ or even be harmful to the animals involved (e.g. some animals may become ____ __ ____ may increase in a group of animals) ____ issues for people (staff/visitors) may be ____ with zoo visitors
ineffective, resources, stressed or aggression, safety, unpopular.
What are the criteria for effective enrichment? must be ____ to suit each individual animal Sometimes only the ____ individual(s) access enrichment Should not be ____ (e.g. fixed schedules of reinforcement) Must be ___ for animal(e.g. not a choking hazard) Must be safe for ___ ____ and visitors Cost effective & easy to clean, fill with food See your Enrichment Checklist for Assessment 1 part of an ____ approach to welfare and wellbeing
tailored, dominant, predictable, safe, zoo workers, holistic.
What are the 5 categories of enrichment?
social, cognitive, physical habitat, sensory, and food.
What are some examples of food-based enrichment? most widely used method of enrichment animals need food to ____ & more likely to interact aim is to ____ feeding times easiest way dividing daily diet into _ __ _ ____ leave fruit & vegetables whole & throw them onto ____ so animals have to pull the food through mesh cut food pieces ____ ____ or use nuts & seeds & scatter through enclosure so animals forage through substrate ( scatter feed ) hide food in ____ __ ____ sacks & hang them from pulley systems & wires or trees ____ ____ task with food as reinforcer
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What is cognitive enrichment. and how is it implemented? includes ____ ____ that occupy an animal’s time ____ ____, Kong toys, tyres, cardboard tubes & fire hoses ____ __ ____ mental stimulation can use ____ ____ where food is hidden in different ways & inside different objects animals use ____ ____ skills to access food
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How can sensory enrichment be achieved? can use _ ____: sight, sound, touch, smell & taste most common is ____ enrichment (sense of smell) herbs & spices, perfume & deodorant, catnip or even ______ or mouthwash can be dotted around exhibit usually induces ____ ____ ____ from animals reaffirming their ____ boundaries
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What role does physical habitat play in animal welfare and enrichment? important role in animal welfare by meeting _____ ____ & providing a positive environment ____ _ ____ physical space for enrichment ____ food within spaces in enclosures, incorporate more objects to encourage ____ ___, & develop and enhance space by providing mental stimulation ’ in enclosure Usable space/ (temperature) ____ barriers _____ to rebuilt enclosures
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Study Notes
Importance of Evaluating Zoo Enrichment Projects
- Effective evaluation helps avoid wasting time and resources, which may be detrimental to animal welfare.
- Inadequate enrichment can lead to harmful behaviors such as increased aggression or stress in animals.
- Visitor-animal interactions can have negative impacts on both animals and staff if not managed properly.
Criteria for Effective Enrichment
- Enrichment must be tailored to meet the needs of individual animals.
- Opportunities should occasionally be limited to certain individuals to promote natural behaviors.
- Avoid fixed schedules for delivering enrichment to prevent animals from becoming predictable in their behavior.
- Enrichment should be safe, avoiding choking hazards or other risks.
- Must ensure safety for staff and visitors.
- Should be cost-effective and easy to maintain, including cleaning and replenishment.
Categories of Enrichment
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Food-Based Enrichment:
- Widely utilized strategy since animals require food to survive, which increases their engagement.
- Aim to enhance the feeding experience, often achieved by dividing daily diets into multiple feedings.
- Whole fruits and vegetables can be scattered; animals must retrieve food through mesh, promoting natural behaviors.
- Food can be hidden in bags or hung in various locations to encourage foraging behavior.
Cognitive Enrichment
- Engages animals’ problem-solving abilities and provides mental stimulation.
- Tools include interactive devices like Kongs, tires, and cardboard tubes.
- Offers challenges through hidden food in complex environments that require animals to use cognitive skills to access rewards.
Sensory Enrichment
- Enhances the animal's sensory experiences of sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste.
- Olfactory enrichment is particularly effective; using herbs, spices, or scents scattered around their habitat leads to exploratory behavior.
- Stimulates natural instincts and reinforces territorial boundaries.
Physical Habitat's Role in Animal Welfare
- Physical space is critical for supporting animal health and offering enrichment.
- Dispersing food within enclosures and adding stimulating objects encourages natural behavior patterns.
- Environmental design should focus on manipulating usable space, incorporating barriers, and allowing for regular habitat improvements.
- Temperature considerations and space usability must be integrated into habitat design.
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Description
Learn about the importance of evaluating zoo enrichment projects and visitor-animal interactions, as poorly planned initiatives can lead to negative outcomes for both animals and humans involved. Understanding the impact of such projects is crucial for animal welfare and visitor experience.
