Imperialism in Africa and the Middle East

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Questions and Answers

What were some effects of the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution left developed nations with a need for raw materials, forcing them to expand outwards and gain more power.

Which of the following is NOT a form of territory that European countries founded?

  • Colonies
  • Autonomous regions (correct)
  • Protectorates
  • Spheres of influence

European countries primarily used direct rule in their colonies.

False (B)

Why did European countries use nationalism and social Darwinism to justify their actions?

<p>European countries believed that Western culture and civilization were superior to those of their colonies, justifying their imperialism and exploitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?

<p>The Berlin Conference aimed to establish rules for European powers to claim African land, regulate trade, and prevent conflicts over territory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did European imperialism bring to the Middle East?

<p>New technologies and infrastructure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Imperialism always resulted in peaceful acceptance by local populations.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Great Britain shift its focus to conquest in India?

<p>Britain's initial trade relationship with India evolved into a desire for complete control over its resources and markets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Sepoy Rebellion of 1857 was successful for India, leading to full independence.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The British East India Company's opium trade with China led to peaceful relations between the two countries.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Boxer Rebellion was successful in driving out all European powers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for European colonization of Pacific Islands?

<p>European powers sought to control strategic trade routes and secure raw materials in the Pacific Islands, fueled by competition and growing concerns about Germany's expanding influence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main effect of European colonization on Latin American countries?

<p>Despite their political independence, Latin American countries became economically and politically dependent on the developed world, leaving them vulnerable and facing various problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Monroe Doctrine was established by Latin American countries.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Roosevelt Corollary strengthened the US position as a global power.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the effects of imperialism in Latin America?

<p>US imperialism in Latin America resulted in economic reliance on developed countries, political vulnerability, and a strengthening of US power on the global stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, diplomacy, or military force.

Modernization

The process of adopting modern ideas, technologies, and practices.

Raw Materials

Natural resources used to manufacture goods.

Colonies

Territories ruled by a foreign power.

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Protectorates

Territories under the protection of a stronger nation.

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Spheres of Influence

Areas where a nation has exclusive economic or political control.

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Direct Rule

A system of colonial administration where the colonizing power directly governs the colony.

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Indirect Rule

A system of colonial administration where the colonizing power uses local rulers and institutions to govern.

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Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country.

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Social Darwinism

The application of Darwin's theory of evolution to social and political structures.

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Missionaries

People who travel to foreign countries to spread their religion.

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Industrial Revolution

A period of rapid technological advancements and industrial growth in the 18th and 19th centuries.

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Berlin Conference (1884)

A meeting of European powers to divide Africa into colonies.

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Suez Canal

A man-made waterway connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.

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Sepoy Rebellion (1857)

A rebellion by Indian soldiers against the British rule.

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Opium Wars

Wars fought between Britain and China over the British trade in opium.

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Boxer Rebellion

A Chinese uprising against foreign influence in China.

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Monroe Doctrine

A U.S. policy stating that European powers should not interfere in the Americas.

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Roosevelt Corollary

An addition to the Monroe Doctrine that gave the U.S. the right to intervene in Latin American affairs.

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Spanish-American War

A war between Spain and the U.S. over Cuba.

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Panama Canal

A man-made waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

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Trade Relationship

An exchange of goods and services between two or more nations.

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Conquest

The act of taking control of a territory by force.

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British East India Company

A British company granted a charter by the British government to trade in India.

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Treaty of Paris

A treaty that ended the Spanish-American War.

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Indian Nationalism

A movement that sought Indian independence from British rule.

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Chinese Nationalism

A movement that sought China's modernization and independence from foreign influence.

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Economic Advantage

Having a favorable position in trade and markets.

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Study Notes

Expansion of European Influence

  • Imperialism modernized many regions, establishing Western powers.
  • European powers sought cheap raw materials, leading to colonization.
  • Colonies provided settlements for growing populations.
  • Territories were structured as colonies, protectorates, or spheres of influence.
  • Some used direct rule, others indirect.
  • Nationalism and social Darwinism justified imperialist actions.
  • Western religions and cultures were spread through missionary work.
  • The Industrial Revolution created a demand for raw materials, significantly impacting international relations.

Imperialism in Africa and the Middle East

  • Africa's abundant resources drove European expansion.
  • The Berlin Conference (1884) divided African territory amongst European powers without African input.
  • African resistance to colonization led to resentment and conflict.
  • Ethiopia and Liberia maintained independence.
  • European powers exploited the weakening Ottoman Empire and expanded into the Middle East.
  • The Suez Canal illustrated the importance of these developments.
  • The influx of European ideologies influenced the region, leading to conflict between various groups.
  • The responses to colonization often involved violence.

Imperialism in India, China, and the Pacific Islands

  • European powers encountered resistance in India, China, and the Pacific Islands.
  • Britain colonized most of India by 1800 and later gained full control after the Sepoy Rebellion.
  • India experienced the Industrial Revolution, but this also led to resentment.
  • British actions angered the Chinese, leading to the Opium Wars and treaties.
  • China resisted imperialism through the Boxer Rebellion.
  • European powers colonized Pacific islands for resources and strategic trade locations.

Imperialism in Latin America

  • The Monroe Doctrine aimed at protecting Latin America.
  • Latin American countries relied on exporting raw materials and importing finished goods.
  • European influence in politics and economics significantly impacted Latin America.
  • The Spanish-American War gave the U.S. territories and encouraged U.S. global influence.
  • The Roosevelt Corollary gave the U.S. greater power in the region.
  • Latin American imperialism differed from the East, with independent nations becoming increasingly dependent on the U.S.

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